Lecture Outlines

Chapter 1. Organic Compounds: Alkanes

  1. Background
    1. Overview of Molecular Structure
    2. Principles of Atomic Structure
  2. Covalent Bonds in Simple Molecules
    1. 3D Shape of Methane
    2. Hybridization of Carbon in Methane
    3. Covalent Bond Numbers for First-Row Elements
  3. Drawing Organic Compounds
  4. Isomers vs. Conformers
    1. Structural Isomers
    2. Rapid Bond Rotations: Conformers
  5. Alkane Nomenclature
  6. Cycloalkanes
    1. Examples
    2. Nomenclature of Substitued Cycloalkanes
    3. Cis-Trans Isomerism in Substitued Cycloalkanes
    4. Shapes of Cycloalkanes
  7. Properties and Reactions of Alkanes
    1. Solubility
    2. Boiling Point and Melting Point Trends
    3. Chemical Reactivity

Chapter 2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

  1. Overview
  2. Alkenes
    1. Structure and Bonding
    2. Nomenclature
    3. Reactions of Alkenes
      1. Addition Reactions
      2. Polymerization of Alkenes
  3. Alkynes
    1. Structure and Bonding
    2. Nomenclature
  4. Benzene and Benzene Derivatives
    1. Structure and Bonding
    2. Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives

Chapter 3. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers (and Thiols)

  1. Alcohols
    1. Properties and Hydrogen Bonding
    2. Nomenclature
    3. Reactions
      1. Elimination of Water
      2. Preparations of Ethers
      3. Oxidation
  2. Phenols
  3. Ethers
  4. Thiols
    1. Nomenclature
    2. Reactions

Chapter 4. Aldehydes and Ketones

  1. Bonding and Properties
  2. Nomenclature
  3. Reactions
    1. Oxidations
    2. Oxidations for Qualitative Analysis
    3. Reduction
    4. Addition of Alcohols

Chapter 5. Carboxylic Acids and Esters

  1. Carboxylic Acids
    1. Properties
      1. H-bonding
      2. Acidity and Salt Formation
    2. Nomenclature
    3. pH
  2. Esters (and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives)
    1. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
    2. Nomenclature of Esters
    3. Preparation of Esters
    4. Reactions of Esters
    5. Esters of Inorganic Acids

Chapter 6. Amines and Amides

  1. Amines
    1. Structure and Bonding
    2. Physical Properties
    3. Nomenclature
    4. Reactions
    5. Biologically Important Amines
  2. Amides
    1. Nomenclature
    2. Physical Properties
    3. Preparation of Amides
    4. Reactions of Amides

Chapter 7. Carbohydrates

  1. Enantiomers and Chiral Molecules
    1. Chirality
    2. Recognizing Chiral Molecules
    3. Examples with Two or More Chiral Carbons
    4. Optical Activity
    5. Fischer Projections
  2. Monosaccharides
    1. Fischer Projections
    2. Cyclic Forms
    3. Reactions
    4. Common/Important Examples
  3. Disaccharides
  4. Polysaccharides
  5. Glucose as a Key Metabolic Compound

Chapter 8. Lipids

  1. Saponifiable Lipids
    1. Triglycerides
    2. Waxes
    3. Phosphoglycerides
    4. Sphingolipids
    5. Glycolipids
  2. Nonsaponifiable Lipids
    1. Steroids
    2. Prostaglandins

Chapter 9. Proteins

  1. Biochemical/Cellular Functions of Proteins
  2. Proteins as Polymers of Amino Acids
    1. Amino Acids
    2. Peptide Bonds
  3. Levels of Protein Structure
    1. Primary Structure (Amino Acid Sequence)
    2. Secondary Structure (Helicies and Sheets)
    3. Tertiary Structure (3D Structure of a Single Chain)
    4. Quaternary Structure (for Multiple-Chain Proteins)
  4. Further Classification Issues
    1. Fibrous vs. Globular
    2. Simple vs. Conjugate
  5. Hydrolysis and Denaturation of Proteins

Chapter 10. Enzymes

  1. Reaction Rates and Catalysis
    1. Reaction Rates (Velocities)
    2. Catalysis
    3. Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis
    4. Factors Influencing Enzymic Reaction Rates
  2. Terms Related to Enzyme Activity
    1. Specificity
    2. Turnover Number
    3. International Units
  3. Inhibition of Enzymes
    1. Reversible
    2. Irreversible
  4. More Enzyme Issues
    1. Enzyme Names and Classification
    2. Enzyme Regulation
    3. Other Classification Terms

Chapter 11. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

  1. Structure of DNA
    1. Polymer of Nucleotides
    2. Base Pairing
    3. Replication of DNA
  2. Structure of RNA
  3. The Genetic Code
  4. Biosynthesis of Proteins
    1. Key Steps
    2. Extra Details