Biographical notes

Aa, Boudewyn van der (?-?). Dutch. Publisher and bookseller in Leiden.

Aa, Pieter van der (1659-1733). Dutch. Publisher and bookseller in Leiden.

Académie des Sciences, Paris.

Adanson, Michel (1727-1806). French. Botanist. Travelled in Senegal. An opponent of Linnaeus.

Adler, Carl Fredrich (?-?).

Adolf Fredrik (1710-1771). Swedish. King of Sweden. Reigned 1751-1771.

Agnethler, Michael Gottfried (1719-1752). German. Doctor of medicine, botanist, Helmstädt.

Ahlelöf, Jonas (1717-1783). Swedish. Clergyman, dean of Frillesås.

Academy of sciences of Petersburg.

Albinus, Bernhard Siegfried (1697-1770). German. Professor of anatomy at Leiden.

Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522-1605). Italian. Naturalist and ornithologist, physician and professor at Bologna.

Allamand, Frédéric (1736-?). Swiss. Botanist, doctor of medicine.

Allioni, Carlo (1725-1804). Italian. Professor of botany, Turin.

Allstadius, Peter P. (1705-1775). Swedish. Clergyman, Sånga (Westrobothnia).

Alströmer, Clas (1736-1794). Swedish. Baron, industrialist. Sent plants and specimen to Linnaeus from his travels abroad. Alströmer bought Linnaeus's "little herbarium", now in the Natural History Museum in Stockholm.

Alströmer, Jonas (1685-1761). Swedish. Industrialist. One of the founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Father of C. and P. Alströmer.

Alströmer, Patrick (1733-1804). Swedish. Baron and industrialist, Alingsås. Brother of Claës Alströmer. Director of the Swedish East India Company.

Amman, Johann (1707-1741). Curator of Hans Sloane's natural history collection. Professor of botany at the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St Petersburg.

Amman, Paulus (1634-1691). German. Botanist, physiologist, Leipzig.

Andrew, John (1710-1772). British. Student and Linnaeus's friend in Leiden, doctor of medicine at Oxford, physician at Exeter.

Angerville, Louis François Augier de (?-?). French.

Ankarcrona, Theodor (1687-1750). Swedish. Admiral, member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Antivari, C. T. von (?-?).

Appelroot & Spalding. Swedish.

Arduino, Pietro (1728-1805). Italian. Professor of economy, Padua.

Arfwedson, Abraham (1698-1779). Swedish. Merchant, Stockholm.

Arfwedson, Jacob (?-?). Swedish.

Argillander, Abraham (1722-1800). Swedish. Director of the saltpetre works at Stockholm.

Arrhenius, Jakob (?-?). Swedish.

Artedi, Petrus (1705-1735). Swedish. Ichtyologist. Close friend of Linnaeus.

Ascanius, Peder (1723-1803). Danish. Naturalist. Inspector of mines, Norway.

Asp, Petrus (1733-1785). Swedish. Clergyman, Uppsala. Travelled in Germany, England, Holland and France.

Auge (?-?). Gardener.

Aurivillius, Carl (1717-1786). Swedish. Professor of oriental languages, Uppsala.

Aurivillius, Samuel (1721-1767). Swedish. Professor of medicine, Uppsala.

Ausenius, Anders (?-?). Swedish.

Avanzi, Carlo (?-?). Italian. Physician and botanist, professor of medicine at Padua.

Aymen, Jean Baptiste (?-?). French. Doctor of medicine, Bordeaux.

Bäärnhielm, Peter Gustaf (1733-1809). Swedish. Squire of Häggestad.

Bäck, Abraham (1713-1795). Swedish. Physician, president of the Collegium Medicum, Stockholm. Close friend of Linnaeus.

Baër, Friedrich Charles de (1719-1797). French. Vicar at the Swedish embassy in Paris. Professor of theology, Strasbourg. Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Intermediary for Swedish science in France.

Bagge, Ehregott Nicolaus (1725-1796). German. Doctor of theology. Superintendent, Coburg.

Bailly, Jean Sylvain (1736-1793). French. Astronomer. President of the first National Assembly, mayor of Paris.

Baldinger, Ernst Gottfried (1738-1804). German. Professor of medicine at Jena, later at Marburg.

Balfour, John & Co. (?-?). British.

Bälter, Sven (1713-1760). Swedish. Clergyman. Cathedral dean of Växjö. Travelled in Russia.

Baltimore, Frederick Calvert, 6th Lord of (1731-1771). Irish. Peer. Owner of the colony of Maryland. English writer. Visited Linnaeus at Hammarby in 1769.

Banks, Joseph (1743-1820). British. Naturalist, president of the Royal Society. Together with Daniel Solander he took part in Cook's first voyage.

Barnades, Miguel (?-1771). Spainish. Botanist. Personal physician of Carlos III, Madrid.

Barrelier, Jacquin (1606-1673). French. Botanist, dominican.

Barrère, Pierre (1690-1755). French. Professor of medicine, Perpignan.

Bartels, Peter (?-?).

Barthelemy, François, marquis de (1747-1830). French. Diplomat in Stockholm.

Bartram, John (1701-1777). U.S.A.. American botanist living in Pennysylvania and Delaware.

Bartsch, Johann (1708-1738). German. Naturalist, travelled to Surinam. Assisted Linnaeus with the publication of Flora Lapponica.

Bassi, Ferdinando (?-1770). Italian. Director of the botanical garden of Bologna.

Bassi, Giovanni Battista (?-?). Italian. Cousin of Ferdinando Bassi.

Baster, Job (1711-1775). Dutch. Naturalist, doctor of medicine, Leiden.

Batigne, Paul (?-1773). French. Physician, Montpellier.

Bauder, Johann Friederich (1713-1791). German. Wine-merchant and palaeontologist.

Bauhin, Caspar (1560-1624). Swiss. Botanist and physician, Basel. Bauhin's Prodromus and Pinax theatri botanici (1620, 1623, 1671) were important works in the field of botanical nomenclature.

Bauhin, Johann (1541-1612). Swiss. Caspar Bauhin's brother. Botanist and physician.

Beckman, Johannes (1739-1811). German. Professor of economy, Göttingen. After a two-year stay in St Petersburg, he travelled in Sweden and Denmark in 1765-1766.

Bedford, John Russell, fourth Duke of (1710-1771). British. Renowned for his botanical interests.

Bedoire, Frans (?-?). Swedish. Iron master.

Beer (?-?). Archiater.

Bennisch, C. F. (?-?).

Benzelius, Eric, the Younger (1675-1743). Swedish. Librarian of Uppsala University. Founder of the first Swedish society for the sciences, Collegium curiosorum (1710) and of of the Royal Society of Sciences, Uppsala (1727); archbishop.

Benzelstierna, Erik (1705-1767). Swedish. Iron master. Met Linnaeus in Dalecarlia.

Benzelstierna, Mathias (1713-1791). Swedish. Public official, member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Linnaeus's fellow student at Lund.

Bergen, Carl August von (1704-1759). German. Doctor of medicine. Professor of botany and anatomy, later of pathology and therapy, Frankfurt/Oder.

Bergencrantz, Carl Fredrik (1726-1792). Swedish. Officer in the Royal Westerbotten regiment. Married Linnaeus's eldest daughter Elisabeth Christina in 1764.

Bergenstierna, Axel (1739-1782). Swedish. Public official.

Berg, Fr. (?-?). Swedish.

BergiusB, Bengt (1723-1784). Swedish. Hstorian and naturalist. Known for his copies of Swedish scientific correspondences and sources, now in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Linnaeus's student.

Bergius, Petter Jonas (1730-1790). Swedish. Physician and botanist. Professor of natural history and pharmacy at Collegium medicum. Linnaeus's student.

Bergman, Torbern (1735-1784). Swedish. Professor of chemistry, metallurgy and pharmacy at Uppsala. Linnaeus's student.

Bergskollegium. Swedish. Collegium of mines.

Berlin, Andreas (1746-1773). Swedish. Botanist. Linnaeus's student 1765-1766. Secretary of Joseph Banks 1770-1773. Died in Delos, Guinea.

Bernitz, Martin Bernhard de (16??-16??). Polish. Physician and botanist. Director of the Royal botanical of Warsaw.

Bernstorff, Johan Hartvig Ernst (1712-1772). Danish. Danish foreign minister.

Berselles, de (?-?). Swedish. Swedish consul in Toscana.

Bertouch, Ernst A. von (?-?). Danish. Courtier.

Biberg, Isac (?-?). Swedish.

Bicher, Lambertus (1732-1801). Dutch. Physician, Rotterdam.

Bickern, Nicolos van (?-?). Swedish. Titular lord mayor, Uppsala.

Bielke, Eleonora von Mentzer (1725-1786). Swedish. Wife of Sten Carl Bielke.

Bielke, Janus (?-?). Chancellor of Norway.

Bielke, Janus.

Bielke, Sten Carl (1709-1753). Swedish. Baron, governement official, patron of science, and naturalist. Private pupil of Linnaeus. Close friend of Pehr Kalm, whose voyage to America he supported financially.

Biörck, Israel. Swedish. Regimental pastor Svea Livgarde, married to Margareta Celsia.

Birger Persson of Finstra (?-1327). Swedish. St Bridget's father, councillor.

Birgersdotter, Birgitta (1303-1373). Swedish. St Bridget of Sweden. Canonised in 1391.

Bjerkén, Pehr af (1709-1753). Swedish. One of the founders of the Royal Swedish Society of Sciences.

Björk, Tobias (1704-1778). Swedish. Clergyman. Minister of the Swedish church in London in 1735. In 1752 dean of Norrbärke in Dalecarlia.

Björnståhl, Jacob Jonas (1731-1779). Swedish. Orientalist. Studied in Uppsala and attended Linnaeus's lectures. Travelled in Europe and Asia (1767-1779). He died in Saloniki, Greece.

Bjur, Pehr (?-?). Swedish. Merchant and magistrate in Umeå. Brother-in-law of Petrus Artedi.

Blackburne, Anna (?-?). British.

Blackwell, Elizabeth (1700?-1758). British. Scotish botanist, wife of Alexander Blackwell.

Blad, Peter Johan (1746-1816). Swedish. Supercargo of the Swedish East India Company.

Blair, Patrick ((?-1728). British. Botanist from Dundee, known for his new views regarding the sexual characters of flowering plants.

Blom, Carl Magnus (1737-1815). Swedish. Studied in Uppsala under Linnaeus 1755-1763. Provincial physician in Dalecarlia.

Boccone, Silvio-Paolo (1633-1704). Italian. Botanist at the court of Ferdinand II of Tuscany, professor of botany at Padua.

Boddaert, Pieter (1730?-?). Dutch. Naturalist and physician. Friend of Albert Schlosser, whose cabinet of natural history objects he described.

Boerhaave, Herman (1668-1738). Dutch. Professor of medicine, botany and chemistry at Leiden. One of the most influential professors of medicine of the eighteenth century. Linnaeus visited him during his stay in Holland.

Böhm & Bom, Johan Daniel (?-?). Swedish.

Bohn, T. C.

Bolten, Joachim Friedrich (1718-1792). German. Doctor of medicine, Hamburg.

Bonde, Gustaf (1682-1764). Swedish. Count, councillor of the realm, member of the Royal Swedish Society of Sciences.

Borchgrevink, Jens Finne (1737-1819). Norwegian. Botanist and clergyman. One of Linnaeus's private pupils. Assistant to J. E. Gunnerus.

Borel, Pierre (1620?-1689). French. Botanist and physician, doctor of medicine at Montpellier in 1640.

BorgströmP, Peter (?-?). Swedish.

Born, Ignaz von (1741-1791). Austrian. Imperial counsellor of mines, Vienna.

Bose, Caspar (1686-1733). German. Botanist at Leipzig.

Bostadia, Magdalena (1713-1789). Swedish. Daniel Solander's mother. Married to Carl Solander, dean at Piteå.

Braad, Christopher Henrik (1728-1781). Swedish. Supercargo of the Swedish East India Company.

Brag, Carl Johan (1735-1781). Swedish. Clergyman in Gothenburg.

Brander, Gustaf (1720-1787). Swedish. Merchant in London. Partner of Abrahan Spalding in the firm Spalding & Brander. Curator of the British Museum. Friend of John Ellis.

Brander, Uno (?-?). Swedish. Merchant, married a sister of Elisabet Moraea, Linnaeus's mother-in-law.

Brandt, Georg (?-?). Swedish. Secretary.

Branting, Carl Ammon (?-?). Swedish. Public official. Married to Linnaeus's youngest sister Emerentia.

Brendel, Adam (?-1719). German. Anatomist, botanist at Wittenberg.

Breteuil, Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de (1733-1807). French. Prime minister. Diplomat in St Petersburg, Stockholm, Vienna and Naples.

Breyne, Jacob (1637-1697). German. Merchant and naturalist at Danzig.

Breyne, Johann Philip (1680-1764). Zoologist in Danzig. Son of Jacob Breyne.

Bringh, Johan (?-?). Swedish.

Brodd, Sven (1722-1773). Swedish. Physician and lecturer in logic and physics at Skara gymnasium. Linnaeus's student in 1752.

Broman, Olof Johan (1676-1740). Swedish. Vicar at Hudiksvall. Met Linnaeus in 1732. Influenced by the Rudbeckian gothicism, author of Glysisvallur.

Bromell, Lars von (1713-1782). Swedish. Son of Magnus von Bromell. Student at Uppsala in 1728 later artillery captain.

Bromell, Magnus von (1679-1731). Swedish. Physician and naturalist, geologist. Head of Laboratorium Chymicum in Stockholm from 1724. Natural history collector.

Browallius, Johan (1707-1755). Swedish. Professor of physics, later of theology; bishop of Åbo.

Browne, Patrick (1720-1790). Irish. Botanist who made six voyages to the West Indies. In 1756 he published The Natural history of Jamaica.

Brucker, August. German. Editor of Pinacotheca scriptorum illustrium.

Brückmann, Franciscus Ernst (1697-1753). German. Naturalist and collector. Physician at Helmstädt, later at Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel.

Brugmans, Antonius (1763-1819). Dutch. Naturalist. Professor of botany at Leiden.

Brümmers, Otto F. G. (?-1752). German. Marshal of the court, Wismar.

Brunelli, Gabriele (?-?). Italian. Sculptor, Bologna.

Brünnich, Morten Thrane (1737-1827). Danish. Professor of natural history, Copenhagen. Later employed by the Danish mining department in Norway.

Bruyset, Jean-Marie, père (?-1788). French. Bookseller.

Büchner, Andreas Elias (1701-1769). German. Editor of Miscellanea physico-medico-mathematica.

Buchwald, Balthazar Johan (1697-1763). Danish. Professor of medicine, Copenhagen. Translator.

Burchard, Ernst Friedrich (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine.

Burckard, Johann Heinrich (1676-1738). German. Botanist.

BurgessI, Iannis (?-?). British.

Burghardt, Gottfried Heinrich (1705-1776). German. Physician, Bresalu and Brieg.

Burman, Johannes (1707-1779). Dutch. Botanist, professor of medicine in Amsterdam. Close friend of Linnaeus.

Burman, Nicolaas Laurens (1734-1793). Dutch. Professor of botany. Linnaeus's pupil in Uppsala in 1760.

Burmester, Johan Henrik (?-?).

Burser, Joachim (1583-1639). Danish. Professor of medicine and botany, Sorö, 1625-1639.

Buxbaum, Johann Christian (1693-1730). German. Professor of botany, St Petersburg.

Camerarius, Rudolf Jacob (1665-1721). German. Professor of medicine, Tübingen.

Campbell, Colin (1686-1757). Swedish. Nobleman of Scottish origin. One of the directors of the Swedish East India Company, part-owner of the Imperial East India Company at Ostende.

Campi, Baldassare (?-c. 1653). Italian. Botanist, Lucca. Published botanical works together with his brother Michele.

Camus, Charles Etienne Louis (1699-1768). French. Astronomer and mathematician. Member of the French expedition to Lapland in 1736-1737 to determine the shape of the earth.

Capdevila, Antonio (?-?). Spainish. Professor at the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid.

Caravajal y Lancáster, José de (1698-1754). Spainish. Leading Spanish politician of English origin. Spanish minister in Stockholm.

Carleson, Edvard (1704-1767). Swedish. Public official. President of the the Swedish Collegium of Commerce. Accompanied C. F. von Höpken on his voyage to the Orient.

Caroline-Louise av Baden-Durlach (1751-1783). German. Margravine of Baden. Amateur botanist.

Carrere, Thomas (1714-1764). French. Physician, Perpignan.

Castelli, Pietro (?-1657). Italian. Physician, botanist, Rome.

Catesby, Mark (1682-1749). British. Naturalist and artist. Best known for his illustrated work The Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahamas.

Cederhielm, Carl Wilhelm (1705-1769). Swedish. Nobleman, chamberlain, one of the six founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Celse, Magnus von (1709-1784). Swedish. Royal librarian and Swedish national historiographer.

Björck, Margareta Celsia (1710-1782). Swedish. Daughter of Olof Celsius the Elder. Married to Israel Björck.

Celsia, Margareta Insulander (1682-1743). Swedish. Wife of Olof Celsius the Elder.

Celsius, Anders (1701-1744). Swedish. Professor of astronomy, Uppsala.

Celsius, Bernhard (1702-174?). Swedish. Son of Olof Celsius the Elder. Died when travelling abroad.

Celsius, Olof, the Elder (1670-1756). Swedish. Orientalist and theologian, professor, Uppsala University.

Celsius, Olof (1716-1794). Swedish. Bishop, historian, politician.

Cesalpino, Andrea (1519-1603). Italian. Botanist, professor of medicine and botany in Pisa and Rome and physician of Pope Clemens VIII in Rome. Best known for his Andreae Caesalpini libri XVI de plantis (Florence 1583).

Channing, John (?-?). British.

Chardon de Courcelles, Étienne (?-1780). French. Physician.

Charlevoix, Pierre François Xavier de (1682-1716). French. Jesuit and author, travelled in North America and the Caribbean.

Chatelain, Henri Abraham (1684-1743). French. Theologian, geographer.

Chatelain, Isaac Emanuel (1692-1763). French. Clergyman.

Chomel, Pierre Jean-Baptiste (1671-1740). French. Botanist, supported J. P. de Tournefort in collecting plants. Physician of the Royal court in 1707, member of the Académie des sciences.

Cirillo, Domenico Maria Leone (1734-1799). Italian. Physician and naturalist, Naples. Linnaeus especially esteemed his entomological works.

Clairaut, Alexis Claude (1713-1756). French. Mathematician. Member of the French expedition to Lapland in 1736-1737 to determine the shape of the earth.

Clayton, John (1685-1773). British. Physician and botanist. His herbarium collected in Virginia was published by Gronovius and Linnaeus in Flora Virginica (Leiden 1739, 1743).

Clerck, Carl Alexander (1709-1765). Swedish. Entomologist. Assessor in Stockholm.

Clifford, George (1685-1760). Dutch. Banker and merchant in Amsterdam, Linnaeus's benefactor. Owner of Hartecamp and its botanical garden outside Haarlem. Director of the Dutch East India Company.

Clifford, Henry (?-?). Dutch.

Clifford, Petrus (1713-1788). Dutch. Mayor of Amsterdam. George Clifford's son.

Lecluse, Charles de (1525-1609). French. Botanist, director of the imperial gardens in Vienna, professor at Leiden.

Colden, Cadwallader (1688-1766). U.S.A.. Scots-American physician, botanist, physicist, politician. Lieutenant governor of New York.

Colden, Jane (1724-1766). U.S.A.. The first American female botanist, daughter of Cadwallader Colden.

Cole, William (1714-1782). British. Antiquary.

Collegium medicum. Swedish. Collegium medicum or Collegium medicorum, the Swedish Society of Physicians in Stockholm was founded in 1663.

Collin, Olof (?-?). Swedish.

Collin, Peter (1722-1781). Swedish. Lecturer of theology of the gymnasium of Wäxjä. Dean.

Collinson, Peter (1693-1768). British. Merchant and amateur naturalist in London. Collinson corresponded with a great number of the contemporary scientists. Through him the knowledge of Linnaeus and his works became widely known.

Colonna, Fabio (1567-1650). Italian. Botanist, painter and engraver.

Comi, Michelangelo (?-?). Italian. Cergyman, Rome.

Commerson, Philibert (1727-1773). French. Naturalist.

Conring, Hermann (1606-1681). German. Polymath, professor of medicine at Helmstädt.

Cornelius, Marcus (?-?). Italian. Bishop of Torcello (Venice).

Corrêa da Serra, José Francisco (1751-1823). Portugese. Portugese historian, naturalist and diplomat. Secretary of the Academy of Science in Lisbon.

Da Costa, Emanuel Mendes (1717-1791). British. Naturalist of Portugese descent.

Costeo, Giovanni (?-1603). Italian. Botanist, professor of medicine at Turin and later at Bologna.

Couturier, M (?-?). French. Bookseller.

Creutz, Gustaf Filip (1729-1785). Swedish. Count, ambassador in Madrid and Paris. Chancellor of Uppsala University.

Cronhielm, Gustaf (1664-1737). Swedish. Nobleman and politician. Chancellor of the court, chancellor of the universities of Uppsala and Lund, ambassador, etc.

Crusius, Siegfried (?-?).

Cuno, Johann Christian (1708-1790). German. Poet, botanist and merchant. He made a fortune in the West Indies and settled in Holland where he kept a botanical garden. The latter years of his life were spent in Weingarten, near Durlach in Germany.

Cusson, Pierre (1727-1783). French. Physician and botanist, Montpellier.

Dahlberg, Carl Gustaf (?-?). Swedish. Colonel and owner of a plantation in Surinam. Daniel Rolander went to Surinam to serve as tutor for Dahlberg's children.

Dalberg, Nils Ericsson (1736-1820). Swedish. Personal physician of Gustav III since 1768. Linnaeus's student in 1755.

Dalin, Olof von (1708-1763). Swedish. Author. Chancellor of the court.

Dalman, Johan Fredrik (1726-1809). Swedish. Nobleman, major at the Admirality. Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Dassau, Johan (1749-1808). Swedish. Supercargo at the Swedish East India Company.

Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie (1716-1800). French. Curator at Jardin des plantes in Paris. Professor of mineralogy.

Davila, Don Pedro Franco (?-1786). Spainish. Peruvian naturalist. Moved to Paris in 1745, where he created a natural history collection. In 1769 he was called to Madrid to be the director of the Natural History Museum.

Felice, Fortunato Bartolomeo (1723-1789). Italian. Publisher. De Felice settled at Yverdon in Switzerland where he published a version of the Encyclopédie (1770-1780).

Degano, Lodovico (?-?). Italian. Doctor of medicine.

De Geer, Charles (1720-1778). Swedish. Entomologist and natural history collector, Leufsta Bruk. Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm and Académie des sciences, Paris. Corresponded with Réaumur, Bonnet and other naturalists.

De la Gardie, Catharina Charlotta (1723-1763). Swedish. Countess and philanthropist. She pleaded for inoculation for smallpox and combated witch trials in Sweden.

Demeste, Jean (1744-1783). Belgian. Chemist and military physician, Liège.

Demidoff, Grigorij (?-?). Russian. Together with his brother Pavel Grigorevich he was Linnaeus's student in Uppsala in 1760-1761.

Demidoff, Pavel Gregorevich (1738-1826). Russian. Russian nobleman. Together with his brother Grigorij he was Linnaeus's student in Uppsala in 1760-1761. Pavel Demidoff created a natural history museum in Moscow which was later given to the University of Moscow.

Derham, William (1657-1735). British. Clergyman, scientist. Author of Physico-theology (1713).

Dietrich, Adam (1711-1782). German. Botanist, Ziegenhain near Jena.

Dillenius, Johann Jacob (1684-1747). Studied at Giessen. Sherardian professor of botany at Oxford. Regarded by Linnaeus as one of the best botanists. Dillenius met Linnaeus in 1736.

Dioscorides, Pedianos (1st c. AD). Greek. Naturalist and botanist.

Döbeln, Johan Jacob (1674-1743). Swedish. Professor of medicine at the university of Lund.

Döderlé, Baron de (?-?).

Dohna, Fredric Carl (1722-1784). Swedish. Count. Lieutenant general of the King's Life regiment.

Domasjnev, Sergej Gerasimovitj de (1743-1795). Russian. Chamberlain at the Russian imperial court. Director of the Academy of Science in St Petersburg.

Donati, Vitaliano (1713-1763). Italian. Naturalist, professor of natural history, Turin. Donati travelled in the Balkan and in the Orient.

Donell, James (?-?).

Dreyer & Zelling. Swedish.

Drury, Dru. (?-?). British. Goldsmith.

Duchesne, Antoine Nicolas (1747-1827). French. Naturalist and horticulturist, Versailles.

Dufay, Antoine (?-?). French. Physician. President of the Académie des sciences when Linnaeus visited Paris in 1738.

Duvernoy, Johann (1691-1759). German. Professor of anatomy, Tübingen. Albrecht von Haller's teacher.

Duvernoy, Jean Jacques (1709-1805). French. Writer, tutor to the Russian empress, the wife of Czar Paul I.

Eding, Peder Wilhelm (?-?). Danish.

Edwards, George (1693-1773). British. Ornithologist and artist. Visited the Netherlands, France and Scandinavia. Best known for his History of birds (1747-1751).

Ehrencrona, Carl Gustaf Gammal (1710-1781). Swedish. Courtier and councillor.

Ehrenpreus, Carl Diedric (1692-1760). Swedish. Count, councillor of the realm, chancellor of Uppsala University.

Ehrensvärd, Augustin (1710-1772). Swedish. Count, field-marshal. The founder of the fort of Sveaborg (Finland).

Ehrensvärd, Gustaf Johan (1746-1783). Swedish. Nobleman, author and diplomat.

Ehret, Georg Dionysius (1710-1770). German. Artist, illustrator and botanist known for his illustrations to Linnaeus's Hortus cliffortianus, Browne's Civil and natural history of Jamaica, Ellis's History of corallines. Together with his benefactor, Trew, he published Plantae selectae (1750). Ehret moved to England in the 1740s.

Ehrhart, Balthasar (?-1756). German. Botanist and physician.

Ehrhart, Jacob Friedrich (1742-1795). Botanist. Studied under Linnaeus in Uppsala 1773-1776. Became botanist to the prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Eichrodt (?-?). German. Physician at Durlach in the end of the 1730s.

Ekeberg, Carl Gustaf. Swedish. Captain, employed by the Swedish East India Company.

Ekeblad, Claes (1708-1771). Swedish. Count, councillor of the realm, chancellor of the University of Åbo.

Ekevurtzel, Gabriel (?-1748). Swedish. Civil servant official in the Swedish War office.

Ellis, John (1711-1776). British. Merchant and naturalist, expert on zoophytes.

Elvius, Pehr (1710-1749). Swedish. Engineer and mathematician, secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Engel, Samuel. Swiss. Geographer and economist.

Ens, Abram (?-1770). Dutch. Doctor of medicine at Leiden and Utrecht, later in Russia.

Erhard, Johann Balthasar (1700-1756). German. Physician of Memmingen.

Erichson, Jo (?-?). Swedish.

Erxleben, Johann Christopher Polycarpus (?-?). German.

Essen, Immanuel Justus AB (1719-1780). German. Clergyman?

Fabricius, Johan (1697-1775). Danish. Physician at Tönder, later in Copenhagen.

Fabricius, Johann Albert (1668-1736). German. Philologist, theologian, professor of philosophy, Hamburg.

Fabricius, Johan Christian (1745-1808). Danish. Professor of economy and natural history in Copenhagen. Linnaeus's pupil 1762-1764.

Fagraeus, Jonas Theodor (1729-1797). Swedish. Physician at Alingsås.

Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel (1690-1740). German. Physician active in Holland. Constructor of scientific instruments. Best known for the construction of the mercury thermometer.

Falck, Johan Peter (1732-1774). Swedish. Professor of botany and curator of the botanical garden of St Petersburg.

Falkenberg, Melcher (1722-1795). Swedish. Count. Chancellor of the University of Lund.

Farsetti, Filippo (1705-1774). Italian. Venetian antique dealer and collector.

Feldmann, Bernard (1701-1777). German. Physician, botanist. Studied at Leiden. The personal physician of Frederick the Great.

Ferber, Johan Eberhard (1678-1761). Swedish. Pharmacist and physician in Karlskrona and at the spa of Ronneby. He also kept a botanical garden and was a collector of natural history specimens. Father of Johan Jacob Ferber.

Ferber, Johan Jacob (1743-1790). Swedish. Professor of chemistry at Mitau, of mineralogy in St Petersburg. Superintendent of the board of mines, Berlin.

Fernow, Erik (1735-1791). Swedish. Clergyman from the province of Värmland. His local history collection preserved as Archivum Wermelandicum.

Ferrner, Bengt (1724-1802). Swedish. Astronomer at Uppsala University. Tutor of crown prince Gustav of Sweden.

Fersen, Fredrik Axel von (1719-1794). Swedish. Count, major-general, head of the House of Nobles, Stockholm.

Feuillée, Louis Econches (1660-1732). French. Clergyman, explorer, astronomer and botanist.

Feyler (?-?). German.

Fick, Christian Fredrik (?-?). Swedish. Surgeon of the Imperial Russian Navy.

Fiera, Giovanni Battista (1469-1538). Italian. Physician and botanist, Mantova.

Filenius, Petrus Nikolaus (1704-1780). Swedish. Bishop of Linköping, Sweden. Studied in England, professor of oriental languages at Lund University.

Fischer, Johann Bernhard von (1685-1772). German. Physician, president of the Russian National Health Service, Moscow, personal physician of Empress Anna.

Fjellström, Johan (1699-1760). Swedish. Physician of the admirality at Karlskrona in 1737, brother of P. Fjellström.

Fjellström, Pehr (Peter). Swedish. Physician at Lycksele, vicar there in 1739, published a grammar and the New testament in Lappish. Brother of J. Fjellström.

Flodin, Carl Clemens (?-?). Swedish.

Flodman, Johannes Svenonis (?-1777). Swedish. Clergyman.

Formey, Jean-Henri-Samuel (1711-1797). German. Journalist and publisher. Calvinist pastor at Brandenburg, professor of eloquence, later of philosophy, at Berlin.

Forsberg, Gabriel (?-?). Swedish. Merchant at Jönköping. Carl Peter Thunberg's stepfather.

Forsskål, Pehr (1732-1763). Swedish. Naturalist and explorer. Linnaeus's student, professor in Denmark in 1759. Joined a Danish expedition to Egypt and Arabia in 1761. He died at Jerîm, Arabia.

Forster, Johann Reinhold (1729-1794). German. Naturalist and voyager. Forster visited St Petersburg, Moscow, Saratov and Constantinople before he went to England. In 1772 he took part in Cook's second voyage. In 1780 he moved to Halle to become director of the botanical garden.

Fothergill, John (1712-1780). British. Physician and collector of natural history objects. Studied in Holland, France and Germany. His cabinet of zoological and mineralogical specimens as well as his botanical garden at Upton were well known.

Fougt, Abraham (?-?). Swedish. Clergyman at Torneå, who Linnaeus visited in 1732.

François de Neuchateau, Nicolas Louis, comte de (1750-1828). French. Minister of the interior under Napoleon I.

Franc, Pehr Christian (1716-1767). Swedish. Public official.

Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790). U.S.A.. American publicist, scientist and statesman.

Fredrik August II of Sachsen (1696-1763). Polish. King of Poland.

Fredrik I (1676-1751). Swedish. King of Sweden 1720-1751. Married to Lovisa Ulrika.

Frisch, Johann Leonhard (1666-1743). German. Director (rector) of a gymnasium in Berlin.

Frondin, Berge (1718-1783). Swedish. Doctor of history and political science at Uppsala. Librarian at the University Library.

Froppes, Jacob (?-?). Sea captain.

Fuchs, Leonhard (1501-1566). German. Botanist and physician. Professor of medicine at Ingolstadt, later at Tübingen.

Funck, Alexander (1716-1797). Swedish. Baron, councillor of the board of mines.

Funck, Carl (1708-1783). Swedish. Baron, colonel and councillor of the realm.

Funck, Johan (1703-1773). Swedish. Nobleman. Chamberlain. Governor of the province of Västerbotten and of Uppsala in 1762.

Gabriel (?-?). Capucin friar.

Gachet (?-?). Swiss. Bookseller, Berne.

Gadd, Pehr Adrian (1727-1797). Swedish. Professor of chemistry at the University of Åbo.

Gahne, Joan (?-?). Swedish.

Gahn, Henrik (1747-1816). Swedish. Physician. Linnaeus's student. Founder of the Swedish Society of Medical Sciences.

Gahn, Hans Jakob (1719-1782). Swedish. Treasurer, Voxna Bruk in Sweden. Father of Nenrik Gahn.

Garden, Alexander (1730-1791). Doctor of medicine, South Carolina.

Gaub, Hieronymus David (1705-1780). German. Physician, professor of chemistry and medicine at Leiden.

Gauché, Joseph (?-?). French. Professor of mathematics.

Geier, Johann Daniel (1660-1735). German.

Geiser (?-?). Intendent. His name appears in a letter regarding the transportation of herbs from Linnaeus to the royal garden at the Trianon.

Gemeinhart, Johann Caspar. German. Physician.

Genzmer, Gottlob Burchart (1716?-1771). German. Pastor at Mecklenburg.

Genzmer, V. L. (?-?). German.

Georgi, Johann Gottlieb (1729-1802). German. Chemist, St Petersburg.

Gérard, Louis (1733-1819). French. Botanist, Cotignac, Provence.

Gerber, Traugott (?-1743). German. Botanist.

Geringius, Andreas (?-?). Swedish. Hatmaker in Stockholm.

Gesner, Johannes (1709-1743). Swiss. Naturalist, Zurich.

Gesner, Johann Albrecht (1694-1760). German. Physician of the Duke of Würtenberg.

Gesner, Konrad (1516-1565). Swiss. Physician, botanist, zoologist, bibliographer, Lausanne.

Gesner, Wilhelm Friedrich Immanuel (1734-1801). German.

Gessner, Johannes.

Gevvoise (?-?). Doctor of medicine.

Gilibert, Jean-Emmanuel (1741-1814). French. Physician and botanist. Active in Grodno, Poland and in Wilna, Lithuania, before he returned to his native town, Lyon. Mayor of Lyon in 1793 later professor of natural history.

Ginanni, Giuseppe (1692-1753). Italian. Botanist, Ravenna.

Giseke, Paul Dietrich (1745-1796). German. Physician, Hamburg. Admirer of Linnaeus whose system he used and explained in a number of works.

Gjörwell, Carl Christoffer (1731-1811). Swedish. Author, publisher, royal librarian.

Gleditsch, Johann Gottlieb (1714-1786). German. Botanist and sylviculturist in Berlin, disciple of A. W. Platz and J. E. Hebenstreit, supervisor of Caspar Bose's garden 1731-1735, professor at Collegium medico-chirurgicum in 1746.

Gmelin, Johann Georg (1709-1755). German. Voyager, botanist and chemist. At the initiative of the Russian empress Anna he spent ten years (1733-1743) exploring Siberia. In 1749 he became professor of botany and chemistry at Tübingen . Together with his nephew Samuel he wrote Flora sibirica.

Gmelin, Samuel Gottlieb (1743-1774). German. Professor of botany at the Academy of Science in St Petersburg. In 1764 he travelled in Eastern Russia and the provinces south of the Caspian sea. He completed the Flora sibirica of his uncle Johann Georg Gmelin.

Godart (?-?).

Goeckel, Philip Caspar (1710-1752). German. Physician, Nürnberg.

Gordon, James (?-?). British.

Gorter, David de (1707 (or 1717)-1783). Dutch. Botanist and physician. Suceeded his father Johan van Gorter as the personal physician of empress Elisabeth of Russia.

Gouan, Antoine (1733-1821). French. Botanist, Montpellier. Student under Sauvages. Director of the botanical garden in 1767, later professor of botany and medicine. Although an admirer of Linnaeus he tried to develop a hybrid method on Linnaeus's system of classifaction.

Gran, Ola (1688-1759). Swedish. Clergyman. Vicar of Lycksele 1716-1739.

Grew, Nehemiah (1641-1712). British. Plant-anatomist and physician. Together with Marcello Malpighi one of the founders of microscopic plant anatomy. Associated with the Royal Society.

Grill, Antoni (1705-?). Swedish. Merchant in Amsterdam.

Grill, Claës (1705-1767). Swedish. Merchant, owner of the iron works of Söderfors, Österby and Iggesund. Director of the Swedish East India Company. Grill is also known as art collector and patron of arts of sciences.

Grimaldi, Jeronimo, marquis of (1720-1786). Spainish. Spanish ambassador in Stockholm.

Grimm, Johann Friedrich Carl (1737-1821). German. Physician. Personal physician to the Duke of Saxe-Gotha.

Gronovius, Johan Frederik (1690-1762). Dutch. Naturalist, senator of Leiden. Linnaeus's benefactor and friend. Published Flora virginica (1743, 1762) together with Clayton.

Gronovius, Laurens Theodor (1730-1777). Dutch. Naturalist. Senator of Leiden. Son of Johan Frederik Gronovius.

GrönvallA, Anders (1671-1758). Swedish. Professor of ethics and political science at the the University of Uppsala.

Grooth, Carl von (1684-1758). Swedish. Governor of the province of Uppsala.

Groot, Johan Wilhelm de (?-?). Dutch. Printer in Leiden.

Groth, Stina (?-?). Swedish. Stina Groth was renowned for helping a wanted regimental clerk, H. Lindbaum, to esape to Norway, a crime for which she was prosecuted. She was married to the clergyman Alstadius.

Grundel, Jacob (1657-1737). Swedish. Nobleman. Governor of the province of Västerbotten.

Guerin, Louis Philippe (?-?). French. Librarian.

Guettard, Jean Etienne (1715-1786). French. Naturalist, geologist and mineralogist. Director of the museum of natural history objects of the duke of Orléans. Guettard is best known for his geological and mineralogical studies of France.

Gunnerus, Johan Ernst (1718-1773). Norwegian. Bishop of Trondheim, Norway. Together with Schönning and Suhm he founded the Norwegian Society of Science. Author of Flora norvegica (1766-1776).

Gunnerus, Nic. Dorph. (1751-1789). Norwegian. Nephew of Johan Ernst Gunnerus.

Gustav III (1746-1792). Swedish. King of Sweden, reigned 1771-1792.

Gyllenborg, Carl (1679-1679). Swedish. Chancellor of Uppsala University.

Gyllenborg, Carl Johan (1741-1811). Swedish. Count and jurist, president of the administrative court of appeal. Linnaeus's student in 1748.

Gyllenborg, Henning Adolph (1713-1775). Swedish. Count, councillor of the realm. Student at Uppsala and member of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Gyllengrip, Gabriel (1687-1753). Swedish. Nobleman, governor of the province of Västerbotten.

Gyllenhaal, Leonhard (1752-1840). Swedish. Military and entomologist. Studied botany and entomology under Linnaeus and Thunberg.

Gynther, August (?-?). Danish. Pharmacist, Copenhagen. Owner of Paul Hermannus's collections from Ceylon and Malabar. Linnaeus used them for Flora zeylanica (1747). After Gynther's death the collections were sold to Joseph Banks.

Haartman, Johan Johansson (1725-1787). Swedish. Professor of medicine at Abå University, Finland. Linnaeus's student. Accompanied C. G. Tessin on his journey through Sweden and arranged Tessin's collection of minerals. He also translated Systema naturae into Swedish.

Hagström, Johan Otto (1716-1792). Swedish. Physician and naturalist. Linnaeus's student. Linnaeus wrote the introduction to his Pan apum, on bee-pollinated flowers. He was one of the tutors of Carl Linnaeus the Younger.

Haid, Johann Gottfried (1710-1776). German. Engraver.

Håkansson, Olof (1695-1769). Swedish. Spokesman of the peasents during the sessions of the Swedish parliament.

Halenius, Engelbert (1700-1767). Swedish. Bishop of Skara, politician.

Haller, Albrecht von (1708-1777). Swiss. Naturalist and poet, professor of medicine, botany, anatomy and surgery at Göttingen.

Haller, Gottlieb Emanuel von (1735-1786). Swiss. Hstorian and statesman, the son of Albrecht von Haller and Marianne Wyss.

Hallman, Daniel Zacharias (1722-1782). Swedish. Clergyman. Pastor at the Swedish legation in Madrid, dean at Strängnäs. Linnaeus's student in 1744-1746.

Hallman, Johan Gustaf, the Elder (1726-1797). Swedish. Physician. At the reccomendation Linnaeus Hallman travelled in Europe to study the mullberry tree. In charge of the mullberry plantation in Stockholm.

Hammarsinus, Johannes (?-?). Swedish.

Hammer, Christopher (1720-1804). Norwegian. Justice of the supreme court.

Hannaeus, G. (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine.

Hanovius, Michael Christopher (1695-1773). German. Professor of philosophy and librarian, Danzig.

Hårleman, Carl (1700-1753). Swedish. Nobleman, architect, royal superintendent.

Harmensen (?-?).

Hasselgreen, Carl Benjamin (1718-1773). Swedish. Merchant in Amsterdam. One of the partners of the trading house Jan & Carl Hasselgreen.

Hasselgreen, Jan (1709-1772). Swedish. Merchant in Amsterdam. One of the partners of the trading house Jan & Carl Hasselgreen.

Hasselquist, Fredrik (1722-1752). Swedish. Physician and naturalist, explorer. Studied under Linnaeus and Lars Roberg 1741-1749. Went to Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, Rhodes and the island of Chios. Died in Bagda near Smyrna.

Hauber, Eberhard David (1695-1765). German. Pastor in Copenhagen.

Havrincour, Louis Cardevac de (1707-1767). French. Diplomat in Stockholm 1749-1762.

Hebenstreit, Johann Ernst (1703-1757). German. Anatomist and explorer. Professor in Leipzig in 1729. Travelled in north Africa 1731-1735.

Hederström, Hans (1710-1792). Swedish. Clergyman.

Hedlinger, Johan Carl (1691-1771). Swiss. Engraver and medallist in Swedish service from 1718. Commissioned by the Danish royal court in 1732 and the Russian imperial court in 1735-1737.

Heidenstam (before ennoblement Petersen), Peter von (1708-1783). Swedish. Personal physician of king Adolf Fredrik.

Heilmann, N. (?-?).

Heimrich, Ernst Fr. Just. de. Nob. de Heimenthal (?-?). German. Swedish agent in Hessen.

Heinzelmann, Johann Gottfried (?-?). German. Botanist. Travelled in eastern Russia.

Heister, Elias Friedrich (1715-1740). German. Botanist. Son of Lorenz Heister.

Heister, Lorenz (1683-1758). German. Anatomist and surgeon, considered the father of German surgery. Professor of anatomy and surgery, later of theoretical medicine and botany at Helmstädt.

Hellström (?-?). Swedish.

Helwing, Georg Andreas (1668-1748). German. Clergyman, Angerburg (Preussen).

Hemmingson, Ulrich (?-?). Swedish.

Hermann, Paul (1646-1695). German. Botanist, physician at Batavia, professor of botany at Leiden.

Hernandez, Francisco (1514-1578). Spainish. Physician and naturalist. Explorer of South America.

Hernquist, Peter (1726-1808). Swedish. Veterinarian. Studied at Uppsala under Linnaeus, at Greifswald and in Lyon and Paris. Hernquist established Sweden's first school of veterinary medicine at Skara.

Herrmann, Johann (1738-1800). German. Botanist and chemist, Strasbourg, professor of medicine.

Hesselius, Johan (1687-1752). Swedish. Physician. Regional physician of Närke Västmanland.

Heucher, Johann Heinrich von (1677-1747). German. Botanist and physician in Wittenberg and Dresden. Physician-in-ordinary to August II of Poland.

Hiärne, Gustaf Adolf (1715-1805). Swedish. Chancellor of the University of Lund.

Hildebrand, Henric Jacob (1707-1775). Swedish. Diplomat. Swedish envoy in Spain.

Hill, John (?-?). British.

Hiort af Ornäs, Hans Gustaf (1725-1791). Swedish. Nobleman. Civil servant.

Hiorter, Olof (1696-1750). Swedish. Professor of astronomy at Uppsala 1732-1737.

Hjortberg, Gustaf Fredrik (1724-1776). Swedish. Chaplain on board ships of the Swedish East india Company. Dean at Vallda (south of Gothenburg).

Hoffman (?-?). German. Military surgeon.

Hoffmann, Mauritius (Moritz) (1622-1698). Swiss. Professor of medicine, Altdorf.

Hof, Sven (1703-1786). Swedish. Philologist, Skara.

Höijer, Michael Eurenius (?-1757). Swedish. District judge at Kalix in Lapland. Linnaeus mentions him as an erudite gentleman whose house he visited for six days in 1732.

Hollsten, Jonas (1717-1789). Swedish. Schoolmaster, dean, botanist. Linnaeus's student.

Holm, Jörgen Tyge (1726-1759). Danish. Professor of economy and natural history, Copenhagen. Linnaeus's student 1750-1751, 1754-1757.

Hope, Jo. (1725-1786). British. Doctor of medicine, professor of botany, Edinburgh.

Höpken, Anders Johan von (1712-1789). Swedish. Count and statesman. One of the founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Hoppius, Christian Emanuel (1736-?). Russian. Russian disciple of Linnaeus.

Horn, Arvid Bernhard (1664-1742). Swedish. Politician and statesman. President of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala.

Horn af Rantzien, Gustaf Jacob (1706-1756). Swedish. Nobleman. Civil servant, chamberlain and marshal of the court. He was executed because of the conspiracy against the Swedish parliament in 1756.

Horrebow, Christian (1718-1776). Danish. Professor of astronomy, Danish cabinet minister, Copenhagen.

Houttuyn, Maartin (1720-?). Dutch. Doctor of medicine.

Huber, Johannes Jacobus (1707-1778). German. Anatomist, botanist. Professor at Kassel.

Huddersford, Guils (?-1772). British. President of Trinity College, Oxford. Antiquarian.

Hudson, William (1730-1792). British. Pharmacist at Westmoreland.

Hugo de, Augustus Ludovicus (?-?). Linnaeus's student.

Hüpsch, Johann Wilhelm Carl Adolph de, Baron de Loutzen (1729?-1805). German.

Ihre, Johan (1707-1780). Swedish. Philologist. Professor in Latin and later in eloquence and political science at Uppsala University.

Ike, David Gottlieb (?-?). German.

Iselin, Jean-Rodolphe (1705-1779). Swiss. Professor of law, historian.

Ivanovna, Anna (1693-1740). Russian. Empress of Russia. A patron of botanists.

Jacobus, Ferdinand (?-?). German.

Jacquin, Nicolas Joseph, Baron von (1727-1817). Dutch. Botanist. In 1755 at the order of the Austrian emperor Franz I he went to the Antilles and South America. In 1763 he became professor of mineralogy and chemistry at Chemnitz, later professor of botany in Vienna and director of the botanical garden at Schönbrunn.

Jänisch, Gottfried Jacob (?-1784). German. Doctor of medicine, Hamburg.

Jamjouglow, Paul (?-1784). German. Doctor of medicine, Hamburg.

Jampert, Christian Friedrich (1727-1758). German. Reader (dozent) of medicine at the University of Halle.

Jennings, John (1729-1773). Swedish. Owner of iron works, merchant and politician. Memeber of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Johrenius, Martin Daniel (?-1718). German. Botanist, professor at Frankfurt/Oder.

Jörlin, Engelbert (1733-1810). Swedish. Botanist. Linnaeus's student. Teacher at the University of Lund. Jörlin travelled in Europe. Linnaeus's intention to send him to Cape was never realised.

Jungius, Joachim (1587-1657). German. Botanist, professor of mathematics, Rostock.

Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1686-1758). French. Botanist, professor of botany, Paris. Brother of Bernard and Joseph de Jussieu. Tournefort's successor.

Jussieu, Bernhard de (1699-1777). French. Botanist, professor of botany, brother of Antoine and Joseph de Jussieu Paris. Demonstrator at Jardin du roi. Vaillant's successor.

Jussieu, Joseph (1704-1779). French. Botanist, mathematician, explorer etc. brother of Antoine and Bernard de Jussieu. Member of the French expedition in South America 1735.

Kähler, Mårten (1728-1773). Swedish. Physician, orator and poet. Studied under Linnaeus and Rosén von Rosenstein. Served as physician of the Admirality at Karlskrona.

Kallström, Andreas (?-?). Swedish. Gardener in London.

Kalmeter, Johan Olof (1747-1776). Swedish. Ships mate. Nephew of Linnaeus's wife.

Kalm, Pehr (1716-1779). Swedish. Botanist and traveller. Travelled in North America 1748-1751, professor of natural history in Åbo, Finland.

Kämpfer, Engelbert (1651-1729). German. Physician, botanist and explorer. Travelled in Asia. Known for his works on Japan and Japanese natural history.

Kannegiesser, Gottlieb Heinrich (1712-1792). German. Professor of medicine, Kiel.

Kanold, Johann (1679-1729). German. Doctor of medicine in Jena. Editor of works in natural history.

Karamyschew, Aleksandr Matveevich (1744-1791). Russian. Russian disciple of Linnaeus.

Karl XII, Karl (1682-1718). Swedish. King of Sweden.

Kast, G. L. (?-?).

Kerckring, Theodor (1640-1693). German. Physician, Hamburg.

Kesselting, Johann Heinrich (1713-1741). German. Professor of medicine, Königsberg.

Kirsten, van (?-?). Dutch. Resident in the Cape Province.

Kising (?-?). German. The only letter from Kising was sent to Linnnaeus from Semipalatinsk in 1761.

Kjörning, Georg von (1743-1791). Swedish. Secretary at the Swedish legation in St Petersburg.

Klefeker, Johann Matthias (1698-1775). German. Jurist and bibliographer, Hamburg.

Klein, Jacob Theodor (1685-1759). German. Naturalist, Dresden and Danzig. Director of the Danziger Naturforscher- Gesellschaft. One of Linnaeus's opponents.

Klemke, J. M. (?-?).

Kleynhoff, Christian (?-?). Dutch.

Klinckowström, Johan Mauritz (1692-1768). Swedish. Nobleman, major general.

Klingenberg, Carl (?-1757). Swedish. Secretary of Uppsala University.

Klingenstierna, Samuel (1698-1765). Swedish. Physicist and mathematician, professor of experimental physics at Uppsala.

Knaut, Christopher (1638-1694). German. Botanist, Halle.

Kniphof, Johann[es] Hieronymus (1704-1763). German. Botanist, Erfurt.

Koch (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine.

Kohl, Johann Peter (1698-1778). German. Professor of ecclesiastical history in St Petersburg. Later author and journalist in Hamburg.

Kölpin, Alexander Bernhard (1739-1801). German. Professor of medicine an natural history at Greifswald. Later royal medical counsellor of Prussia and town physician of Stettin.

König, Amand. (?-?). German. Printer, Strasbourg.

König, Johan Gerhard (1728-1785). Danish. Physician, born in Polish Livonia. Private pupil of Linnaeus in 1757. Visited Iceland. Went to Tranquebar in India, to Thailand an Ceylon. König died on his way to Tibet in 1785.

Königsmarck, Hans Kristofer von (1600-1663). Swedish. Count, field marshal.

Koulas, David Samuel (1699-1769). Swedish. Physician, Malmö.

Kramer, G. H. (?-?). Military surgeon at Temeswar, Hungary (now in Romania).

Kramer, Johann (?-?). German. Student in Leiden.

Krascheninnikov, Stephan Petrovich (1713-1755). Russian. Professor of natural history, St Petersburg. Went with Gmelin to Siberia and came as the only member of the expedition to Kamchatka.

Kratzenstein, Christian Gottlieb (1723-1795). Danish. Physician and physicist. Professor in Halle; from 1754 professor of experimental physics in Copenhagen.

Krause, Christian Ludwig (?-1773?). German. Gardener, Berlin. Author of Unterricht von der Gärtnerei (1773).

Krüger, Samuel Gottlieb (?-?). Swedish. Commissioner?

Kruse, C. F. (?-1799). Russian. Personal physician to the Russian czar.

Kruse, J. G. (?-?). Dutch.

Kuhn, Adam (1741-1817). U.S.A.. Physician, Philadelphia. Studied under Linnaeus at Uppsala University in 1762-1763. Kuhn was Linnaeus's only American student.

Kulm, Johann Adam (1689-1745). German. Anatomist, professor of medicine, Danzig.

Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences).

Kungliga Vetenskaps-Societeten i Uppsala. Swedish. The Royal Society of Sciences of Uppsala.

Laan, Adolf van der (1684-1740). Dutch. Artist and engraver. Made the plates for Linnaeus's Musa cliffortiana and the frontispiece of Flora lapponica.

La Faille, Clément de (1718-1782). French. Naturalist. Secretary of the Académie de belles-lettres and of the Société d'agriculture de la Généralité de La Rochelle.

Lagerberg, Anna Chatarina (1738-1794). Swedish. Married to E. C. Drangel, district judge.

Lagerström, Magnus (1691-1759). Swedish. Director of the Swedish East India Company.

Laine, David (?-?). French. Bookseller.

Lamerle, C. (?-?). French. Bookseller and typefounder.

Lamonius, Christ. Gerh. (?-?).

Langebek, Jacob (1710-1775). Danish. Historian. Libraian and archivist, counsellor of state.

Lange, Johann Joachim (1670-1744). German. Theologian and latinist, Halle.

Langen, J. G. L. (?-?). Danish.

Lanmary, de (?-?). French. Minister in Stockholm.

Latourette, Marc Antoine Louis Claret de Fleurieu de (1729-1793). French. Writer, naturalist and collector.

Lawson, Isaac (?-1747). British. Scottish botanist and physician.

Laxman, Erik (1738-1796). Swedish. Lutheran pastor at the Kolyvanian mines and ironworks in Siberia. Professor and councellor of the Russian Board of Mines, St Peterburg.

Layard, Daniel Peter (?-1802). British. Physician.

Leche, Johan. Swedish. Professor of medicine in Åbo. Physician of the Swedish East India Company.

Lee, James (1715-1795). British. Market gardener, Hammersmith (London).

Leetström, Peter (1712-1748). Swedish. Physician of the court. Assessor of Collegium of medicine.

Lehmann, Johann Gottlieb (?-1767). German. Mineralogist. Professor of chemistry and director of the Natural History Museum of St Petersburg.

Le Monnier, Louis Guillaume. French. Physician and naturalist. Professor of botany at the Jardin du roi in Paris. Personal physician of Louis XV.

Lerche, Johann Jacob (1703-1780). German. Naturalist. Military physician in Russian service at Astrakan. Travelled in Persia.

Leske, Nathanael Gottfried (1757-1786). German. Professor of economy at Leipzig, later of natural history at Marburg.

Lesser, Friedrich Christian (1692-1754). German. Naturalist, clergyman, Nordhausen.

Lettsom, John Coakley (1744-1815). British. Physician, London. Born on the Little van Dyke island in the West Indies.

Lexell, Anders Johan (1740-1784). Swedish. Astronomer, mathematician. Professor of astronomy at St Petersburg. He succeded Leonard Euler as professor of mathematics at the Academy of Sciences of St Petersburg.

Leysser, Friedrich Wilhelm A.. German. Counsellor of war to the king of Prussia.

Lidbeck, Erik Gustaf (1724-1803). Swedish. Professor of natural history and economy at Lund. Studied under Linnaeus. Accompanied Linnaeus as secretary on his Västgöta journey in 1746.

Lidenius, Abraham (?-1728). Swedish. Clergyman. 1712 minister at the Swedish congregation in Pennsylvania. 1726 dean in Umeå.

Lidenius, Johan (?-1768). Swedish. Clergyman. In 1755 minister at the Swedish congregation in Pennsylvania. Son of Abraham Lidenius.

Lierberkühn, Johann Natanael (1711-1756). German. Physician, Berlin.

Lilliestråle, Joachim Wilhelm (1721-1807). Swedish. Chancellor of justice, member of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Lilljenberg, Jean Georg (1713-1798). Swedish. Count, governor of the province of Åbo and Björneborg (Finland). President of the Collegium of Mines. Member of the Royal Academy Sciences.

Lindecrantz, Erik Magnus (1729-1788). Swedish. Physician.

Lindgren, Elias (?-?). Swedish.

Lind, James (?-1794). British. Physician.

Lindwall, Johan (1743-1796). Swedish. Physician and botanist. Student at Åbo under P. A. Gadd and P. Kalm and at Uppsala under Linnaeus. Provincial physician of the province of Blekinge.

Lingen (?-?).

Linnaea, Christina Broderzonia (1688-1733). Swedish. Married to Nils Linnaeus, Linnaeus's mother.

Linnaeus the Younger, Carl (1741-1783). Swedish. Botanist. Linnaeus's son and successor. Attended his father's lectures, had private tutors (Löfling, Rolander, Solander and Falk, all Linnaeus's students). Demonstrator of botany at Uppsala.

Linnaeus, Nils Ingemarsson (1674-1748). Swedish. Vicar of Stenbrohult, Småland, father of Linnaeus.

Linnaeus, Samuel (1718-1797). Swedish. Dean of Stenbrohult. Linnaeus's brother.

Linnaeus, Sara Lisa (1716-1806). Swedish. Linnaeus's wife. Daughter of Johan Moraeus and Elisabet Hansdotter Moraea.

Lischwitz, Johann Christopher (1693-1743). German. Professor of botany at Leipzig, later professor of medicine at Kiel.

List, Georg Diedrich Carl (?-1789). German. Doctor of medicine.

Lithén, Mårten (1706-1776). Swedish. Physician. Academic teacher in medicine at Uppsala. Professor of medicine.

Ljungberg, Jonas (?-1761). Swedish. Clergyman, Umeå. Brother-in-law of Petrus Artedi.

Loeselius, Johannes (1607-1655). German. Botanist and physician. Professor of medicine in Königsberg 1639-1655.

Löfling, Pehr (1729-1756). Swedish. Botanist and explorer. Studied under Linnaeus. Went to Spain in 1751 and took part in the Spanish expedition to Venezuela in 1754, where he died.

Logan, James (1674-1751). U.S.A.. Governor of Pennysylvania.Amateur naturalist and scientist. Published works in astronomy, botany and optics.

Logie, Alexander (?-?). Swedish. Lived in Algier. Brother of Fredrik Logie.

Logie, Fredrik (1739-1785). Swedish. Studied under Linnaeus in Uppsala. Army officer. Forwarded to Linnaeus the natural history specimen sent by his brother Alexander in Algier.

Loten, Johan Gid. (?-?). Dutch. Governor of Ceylon.

Louis XIV, king of France (1638-1715). French. King of France

Louis XV (1710-1774). French. King of France, reigned 1715-1774.

Lovisa Ulrika (1720-1782). Swedish. Queen of Sweden, sister of Fredric II of Prussia. Married to King Adolf Fredrik. Mother of Gustav III.

Löwenhielm, Carl Gustaf (1701-1768). Swedish. Nobleman, politician and public official, member of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Luchtmans, Johannes (1726-1809). Dutch. Bookseller and publisher at Leiden. Johannes Luchtmans together with his brother Samuel took over their father's bookshop and publishing house in 1755.

Luchtmans, Samuel (1725-1780). Dutch. Bookseller and publisher. Samuel Luchtmans together with his brother took over their father's bookshop and publishing house at Leiden in 1755.

Ludolff, Michael Matthias (1705-1756). German. Professor of botany and medicine, Berlin.

Ludwig, Christian Gottlieb (1709-1773). German. Physician. Professor of medicine in Leipzig. One of Linnaeus's opponents.

Ludwig, Gerard, the Younger (?-?).

Lunell, Christian. Swedish. Teacher at Kristianstad (Scania, Sweden).

Mabani, Antonio (1730-1779). Italian. Professor of medicine, Pisa.

MacKenzie, Mordaeus (?-?). British. Physician.

Magnol, Pierre (1683-1715). French. Physician and botanist, director of the botanical garden of Montpellier.

Malm (?-?). Swedish. Director of the Swedish East India Company.

Malmgren (?-?). Swedish.

Malpighi, Marcello (1628-1694). Italian. Anatomist and botanist. Observed the "capillary vessels " Together with Nehemiah Grew one of the founders of microscopic plant anatomy.

Manetti, Xaverio (1723-1784). Italian. Doctor of medicine.

Mangor, Christian Elovius (1739-1801). Danish. Physician. Linnaeus's student in 1760-1762.

Martin, Anton Rolandsson (1729-1785). Swedish. Student of medicine.

Martin, Roland (1726-1788). Swedish. Physician and surgeon, professor of anatomy and surgery at the Collegium Medicum, Stockholm.

Martyn, John (1699-1768). British. Physician, professor of botany at Cambridge.

Masson, Francis (1741-1805). British. Botanist and gardener. Masson went to Cape in 1771 or 1772 and to Madeira, Canary Islands, the Azores and the Antilles in 1776. In 1783 he collected plants for Kew Gardens in Portugal and at Cape. He died in Canada.

Mathesius, Johan (1709-1765). Swedish. Civil servant in public administration in Sweden and Finland from 1734, governor of Ostrobothnia 1763, student of Linnaeus, brother of P. N. Mathesius.

Mathesius, Per Niclas (1711-1772). Swedish. Clergyman in Finland, student of Linnaeus, brother of J. Mathesius.

Matthiesen, Conrad (?-?).

Mattioli, Pietro Andrea Gregorio (1500-1577). Italian. Physician and botanist.

Mattioli, Pietro Andrea Gregorio (1500-1577). Italian. Physician and botanist. Born in Siena, graduated at Padua. Active in Rome, Prague and Trento. First physician of Maximilian II.

Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de (1698-1759). French. Astronomist and geodesist. Leader of the French expedition to Lapland in 1736-1737 to determine the shape of the earth .President of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Mayer, Andreas (1716-1782). German. Astronomer. Professor of physics and mathematics at Greifswald.

Maynard, J. (1706-1797). French. Historian, Nîmes.

Mead, Richard (1673-1754). British. Influential physician, appointed physician to King George II in 1727.

Meidinger, Carl de (?-?). Austrian. Austrian nobleman.

Memsen, Eva (?-?). French.

Mencken, Friedrich Otto (1708-1754). German. Succeeded his father Johann Burckhard Mencken as professor of history, Leipzig.

Mennander´s commission-agent in Stockholm. Swedish.

Mennander (Fredenheim), Carl Fredrik (1712-1786). Swedish. Archbishop and scientist. As bishop of Åbo he promoted science. A new chair in chemistry, a laboratory, a botanical garden were founded at the initiative of Mennander.

Mentzel, Christian (1622-1701). German. Botanist and sinologist, Berlin.

Messerschmied, Daniel Gottlieb (1685-1735). German. Botanist. Travelled in Siberia.

Meuschen, Friedrich Christian (1719-?). German. Naturalist. Diplomat in Danish service.

Meyer, Christian Paul (?-?).

Meyer, Johann Carl Friedrich (1739-1811). German. Pharmacist, Stettin. Linnaeus's student 1764-1766.

Michaëlis, Johann (1606-1667). German. Professor of medicine, Leipzig.

Michaëlis, Johann David (1717-1791). German. Professor of Oriental languages, Göttingen.

Micheli, Pietro Antonio (1679-1737). Italian. Botanist, curator of the botanical garden of Florence. Before Linnaeus the leading authority on cryptogames.

Mildahn, Johann Melchior (?-?). German.

Miller, John (1715-1780). German. Painter and engraver. Moved to London in 1744. Published Illustratio systematis sexualis Linnaei (London 1777).

Miller, Philip (1691-1771). British. Gardener of the Chelsea Physic Garden. Miller corresponded with a great number of the contemporary botanists. His rich herbarium was sold to Joseph Banks.

Missa, Henri (?-?). French. Physician. Linnaeus's student.

Mitchell, John (?-1768). British. Physician.

Modéèr, Adolph (1739-1799). Swedish. Economist, publisher, journalist. Modeer showed great interest in natural history.

Moehring, Paul Heinrich Gerhard (1710-1792). German. East Frisian ornithologist, practising physician at Jever (Oldenburg).

Moehsen, Johann Carl Wilhelm (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine.

Monboddo, James Burnet, Lord (1714-1799). British. Author and philosopher.

Monrad, Encus Johannis filius (?-?). Danish.

Monti, Guiseppe (1682-1760). Italian. Professor at Bologna.

Montin, Lars (1723-1785). Swedish. Physician and botanist. Studied medicine, in Uppsala under Linnaeus and Rosén von Rosenstein. Provincial physician of the province of Halland.

Moraea, Elisabeth Hansdotter (1691-1769). Swedish. Linnaeus's mother-in-law. Married to Johan Moraeus.

Moraea, Sara Elisabet (Sara Lisa) (1717-1806). Swedish. Linnaeus's wife, daughter of the town physician Johan Moraeus in Falun.

Moraeus, Pehr (1726-1792). Swedish. Linnaeus's brother-in-law, official of the mining administration.

Morand, Jean François Clément (1726-1804). French. Professor of anatomy, Paris.

Mortimer, Cromwell (?-1752). British. Doctor of medicine.Physician, secretary of the Royal Society.

Mortimer, John (1656?-1736). British. Author of agricultural works.

Moses, Philip (?-?). Dutch. Merchant.

Mounsey, James (?-?). British. Military physician.

Mourier, Charles-Henri (?-?). Danish. Pastor of the French Protestant Church in Stockholm 1763-1771.

Münchhausen, Otto von (1716-1774). German. Chancellor of th e University of Göttingen.

Munting, Abraham (1626-1683). Dutch. Botanist and horticulturist, professor of medicine at Groningen 1658-1683.

Murray, Adolf (1751-1803). Swedish. Professor of medicine and surgery at Uppsala. Studied under Linnaeus and Sidrén. He stayed abroad for four years, visited and studied in Göttingen, Florence, Vienna, Prague, Dresden and Paris.

Murray, Andreas (1695-1771). Swedish. Pastor of the German congregation in Stockholm.

Murray, Gustaf (1747-1825). Swedish. Studied at Uppsala under Linnaeus. Bishop of Västerås.

Murray, Johan Andreas (1740-1791). Swedish. Physician and naturalist. Professor of medicine and botany and director of the botanical garden at the University of Göttingen. Translated Linnaeus's works into German.

Murr, Christopher Theophil von (1733-1811). German. Scholar, customs officer at Nürnberg. Murr maintained an extensive correspondence with contemporary men of learning.

Musschenbroek, Pieter van (1692-1761). Dutch. Physicist, naturalist. Professor in philosophy and mathematics at Duisburg, Utrecht and Leiden. One of the pioneers of modern experimental physics.

Mútis, José Celestino (1732-1808). Spainish. Botanist. Mutis went to South America in 1760. Lived until his death in Bogotá which due to him became an important centre of learning. Mutis's comprehensive herbarium, manuscripts and numerous watercolour botanical illustrations were sent to Spain after his death.

Mygind, Franz von (c. 1710-1789). Counsellor of the imperial court in Vienna.

Mylius, Christlob (1722-1754). German. Student of medicine.

Mylius, Martin (1542-1611).

Nettelbla, Christian von (1696-1775). Swedish. Professor of law at Greifswald, editor of historical sources. Called Nettelbladt before his ennoblement.

Neuman, Joseph (?-?). Jesuit. Author of Vom opio caryophyllis aromaticis, vino, thea, coffea.

Niebuhr, Carsten (1733-1815). Danish. Explorer of Arabia. In 1761 together with the German physician Kramer, the Swedish naturalist Forsskål, the German orientalist von Haven he went to Egypt and the Arabian peninsula.

Nietzel, Diedrich (1703-1756). German. George Clifford's gardener at Hartecamp. Became university gardener at Uppsala, where he died.

Noailles, Louis, duc de (1713-1793). French. Nobleman and military, marshal of France.

Noordgreen, H. J. (?-?). Swedish. Noordgren lived on Java. Reported to Linnaeus about insects, described in the dissertation Centuria insectorum (1763).

Noréen, Johan Erik (?-?). Swedish. Secretary of the chancellor of Uppsala University.

Nozeman, Cornelius (?-1786). Dutch. Naturalist, minister of the Remonstrant Church. Nozeman wrote the text of the first two volumes of Christian Sepp's Nederlandsche vogelen (1770-1829).

Oeder, Carl Christian (?-?). German.

Oeder, Georg Christian (1728-1791). Botanist and economist. Studied under Haller in Göttingen, professor of botany in Copenhagen. Minister of finance for Norway. Published the first three volumes of Flora danica (1762-1772).

Oelreich, Niklas (1699-1770). Swedish. Censor librorum 1744-1766. University librarian, professor of philosophy and public official. Linnaeus's student.

Oetinger, Ferdinand Christ. (1719-1772). German. Professor of medicine, Tübingen.

Olivecreutz (before ennoblement Gezelius), Johan (1721-1804). Swedish. Secretary of Åbo University. Judge of Scania and Blekinge.

Oosterdijk Schacht, Johannes (?-?). Dutch. Professor of medicine at Leiden.

Orlow, Vladimir? (?-1832?). Russian. Russian count.

Ortega, Casimiro Gomez de (1740-1818). Spainish. Professor of botany, Madrid.

Ortega, José (?-1761). Spainish. Military pharmacist of the Spanish army. Secretary of the Academy of Medicine of Madrid.

Orville, Jacques-Philippe d’ (1697-1739). Dutch. Professor of eloquence, Amsterdam. Gave Linnaeus money to produce the plates for Flora lapponica. Brother of Petrus d'Orville.

Orville, Petrus d' (1690-1751). Dutch. Merchant, doctor of law. Gave Linnaeus money to produce the plates for Flora Lapponica. Brother of Jacques-Philippe d'Orville.

Osaengius (?-?). Swedish. Bshop.

Osander, Olof (1700-1787). Swedish. Clegyman. Bishop of Växjö.

Osbeck, Pehr (1722-1805). Swedish. Clergyman, botanist explorer. Studied at Uppsla under Linnaeus 1745-1750. Chaplain on ships of the Swedish East India Company on voyages to China. Vicar of Hasslöv (Halland).

Osborn (?-?). British.

Osterman, C. J. (?-?). Swedish.

Outhier, Reginaud (1694-1774). French. Clergyman and astronomer. Member of the French expedition to Lapland in 1736-1737 to determine the shape of the earth. Wrote Journal d'un voyage au Nord fait en 1736-1737 (Paris 1744).

Overkamp, Thuin Christ. Wilhelm (?-?). German.

Pallas, Peter Simon (1741-1811). German. Naturalist and explorer. Pallas studied at the universities of Göttingen and Leiden. In 1768 he was called to Russia to take part in a expedition to Siberia, which aim was to study the passage of Venus. Pallas remained in Russia for the greater part of his life.

Palm, Fr. Chr. (1742-1827). Swedish. Doctor of chemistry, physician, Västervik.

Palmstierna, Nils (1696-1766). Swedish. Baron, diplomat, chancellor of the University of Lund.

Panin, Nikita Ivanovitz (1718-1783). Russian. Russian statesman, ambassador in Stockholm.

Parkinson, John (1567-1650). British. Apothecary and botanist of Jacob I. Author of Theatrum botanicum (London 1640).

Pasquay, P. (?-?). Portugese.

Pauli, Johann Ulrich (?-?). German. Doctor of law.

Paulli, Simon (1603-1680). German. Botanist and physician, professor of medicine at Copenhagen.

Peine, Elias (?-?). German. Supervisor of Casar Bose's garden at Leipzig.

Pennant, Thomas (1726-1798). British. Naturalist, best known for his works in zoology. Pennant visited or corresponded with Voltaire, von Haller, Gesner, Pallas, Forster, Thunberg, Sparrman, De Geer.

Petersen von Heidenstam, Johan Christian (1739-1774). Swedish. Son of Peter Petersen von Heidenstam, Swedish physician.

Petersen von Heidenstam, Peter (1708-1783). Swedish. Physician-in-ordinary to King Adolf Fredrik.

Pfauz, Johann (1622-1674).

Phelsum, Murk van (?-?). Dutch. Student of medicine.

Philibert, Claude (1709-1784). Swiss.

Piderit, R. A. (?-?). German. Doctor of theology.

Pinard, C. (?-?).

Pitt, W. M. (?-?). British.

Plantin, Nic. Olof (?-1789). Swedish. Vicar of Umeå.

Plathner, Felix (?-?). ?.

Platz, Anton Wilhelm (1708-1784). German. Botanist, professor of physiology, Halle.

Plukenet, Leonard (1642-1706). British. Botanist and physician. Botanist to Queen Mary II (wife of William III). Superintendent of Hampton Court.

Plumier, Charles (1646-1704). French. Botanist, travelled in Central America and the Carribean. Linnaeus generally approved of the descriptions in his richly illustrated botanical works.

Poda, Nic. (?-?). Greek.

Poltzer, Peter (?-?). German.

Pontedera, Giulio (1688-1757). Italian. Director of the botanical garden and professor of botany at Padua. Rejected Linnaeus's system. Linnaeus named a family of narcissoides, Pontederia, after him.

Pontin, David (1733-1809). Swedish. Clergyman and naturalist. Studied at Uppsala University under Linnaeus. Chaplain employed by the Swedish East India Company. Dean of Häggestad and Oppeby parish.

Poortennius, Ver. (?-?).

Posse, Mauritz (1712-1787). Swedish. Baron. Swedish envoy at the Russian court. Governor of the province of Älvsborg.

Pott, Johann Friedrich (1738-1805). German. Personal physician of the duke of Brunswick.

Pourret, Pierre André (1754-1818). French. Clergyman (?), Narbonne.

Prehm (?-?). Major, naval commander.

Preis, Joachim Fredrik (1667-1759). Swedish. Count and diplomat. Preis served for 57 years as secretary at the Swedish legation in the Hague.

Prévost, G. (?-?). French. Artist. Employed by the king of France at the Trianon.

Printzenschiöld, Erik Adolf (1718-1796). Swedish. Officer.

Puente Fuerte, Marquise de (?-?).

Raab, Christina Magdalena (?-1769). Swedish. Wife of Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin.

Radermacher, Jacob Cornelis Matthias (1742-1783). Dutch. Bailiff of the city of Batavia.

Raibaud, Gaspard (1695-1781). French. Teacher in French at Uppsala University.

Ramsay, Robert (?-?). British. Professor, Edinburgh(?).

Rand, Isaac (?-1743). British. Botanist.

Rask, Johan (1678-1744). Norwegian. Clergyman. Rask spent some years in the Danish colony on the Gold Coast in west Africa. Being interested in natural history he made botanical and zoological observations. He met Linnaeus in 1732.

Rathgeb, Joseph A. (?-?). Austrian. Austrian naturalist, premier of Venice.

Ray, John (1627-1705). British. Naturalist and clergyman. One of the most influential botanists before Linnaeus.

Razoumowsky, Kirill Grigorjevitj (1728-1803). Russian. Russian nobleman and military. President of the Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg.

Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de (1683-1757). French. Physicist and naturalist. Réaumur's works cover geometry, technology, mineralogy, ornithology etc. His collections of natural history objects, mineralogy etc. were given to the Académie des sciences after his death.

Reden, Johann Ernst Wilhelm von. German. Court counsellor to the duke of Brunswick.

Regenfuss, Franz Michael (1713-1780). German. Engraver and art-dealer.

Rehn, Jean Eric (1717-1793). Swedish. Architect, assisted Linnaeus and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences with drawings of natural history specimens.

Renier, Jacob (?-?). German. Merchant.

Renmarck, Carl Jacob, the Younger (?-?). Swedish.

Renmark (?-?). Swedish. Schoolmaster, Hudiksvall.

Retzius, Anders Jahan (1742-1821). Swedish. Botanist and zoologist. Professor of natural history, Lund.

Retzius, Nils (1717-1757). Swedish. Physician, Scania. Linnaeus's fellow student at Lund.

Reuss (?-?). Merchant.

Reuterholm, Axel Gottlieb (1714-1763). Swedish. Baron, statesman. Private pupil of Linnaeus.

Reuterholm, Nils Esbjörnsson (1675-1756). Swedish. Nobleman, diplomat and public official, governor of Dalecarlia. Reuterholm showed interest in science and correponded with Leibniz and others. He admired Linnaeus and paid for his journey in Dalecarlia in 1734.

Rhades (?-?). German. From Stettin?

Ribben, Ewald (1730-1790). Swedish. Physician.

Ribe, Carl Fredrik (1708-1764). Swedish. Personal surgeon of the Swedish king Adolf Fredrik, eye surgeon. Son of Evald Ribe.

Ribe, Evald (1667-1753). Swedish. Personal surgeon of the Swedish king Carl XII. Director of the Swedish Society of Physicians.

Richard, Antoine (?-?). French. Related to Claude Richard.

Richard, Claude (?-?). French. Botanist. The king's gardener at the Trianon.

Richard, Louis-Claude-Marie (1754-1821). French. Botanist, Claude Richard's son. L.-C.-M Richard went to the Antilles and Guyana in 1781. Professor of botany in Paris.

Richardson, Richard (1663-1741). British. Botanist and antiquary.

Rinder, Andreas (?-?). German.

Ristell, Adolf (?-?). Swedish.

Rivinus, August Quirinus (1652-1723). German. Professor of medicine and botany at Leipzig. Constructed a plant classification system based on petals.

Robbe, François, (?-?). French.

Roberg, Lars (1664-1742). Swedish. Physician and naturalist. Professor of medicine at Uppsala University. Founder of the first university hospital.

Robson, James (?-?). British. Bookseller.

Roederer, Jean-Georges (1726-1763). French. Obstetrician.

Roëll.

Roëll, Wilhelm (1700-1775). Dutch. Professor of anatomy, Amsterdam. Corresponded with Linnaeus.

Rolander, Daniel (1725-1793). Swedish. Naturalist and explorer. Studied at Uppsala University under Linnaeus. Went to Surinam in 1755-1756.

Romé de l´Isle, Jean Baptiste Louis de (1736-1790). French. Mineralogist.

Rosén von Rosénstein, Nils (1706-1773). Swedish. Physician and professor of medicine. Colleague of Linnaeus at Uppsala. The founder of modern pediatrics.

Rothenberg, Charlotta (?-1761). Swedish. Third wife of Olof Rudbeck the Younger.

Rotheram, Catharina (?-?). British.

Rotheram, John (1750-1804). British. Naturalist. Professor of natural philosophy at St Andrew's University, Scotland. Linnaeus's student 1773-1775.

Rothman, Anna Elisabeth (?-?). Swedish. Wife of Johan Stensson Rothman, Linnaeus's teacher at Växjö.

Rothman, Göran (Georg) (1739-1778). Swedish. Physician, botanist, translator. Son of Johan Stensson Rothman. Studied under Linnaeus. Went to Tripoli in 1773. Translator of Voltaire, Pope and others.

Rothman, Joh. Ludvig (?-?). Swedish.

Rothman, Johan Stensson (1684-1763). Swedish. Physician and botanist. Studied at Harderwijk and Leiden under Boerhaave. Influenced by Vaillant, whose theory on plant sexuality he introduced to his pupil, Carl Linnaeus while he was lecturer at Växjö gymnasium.

Rottböll, Christian Friis (1727-1797). Danish. Botanist and physician. Professor of medicine in Copenhagen. Linnaeus's student.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778). Swiss. Writer and philosopher.

Royal Society, London. Founded in 1662.

Royen, Adriaan van (1705-1779). Dutch. Professor of botany, director of the botanical garden of Leiden.

Royen, David van (1727-1799). Dutch. Professor of botany in Leiden. Director of the botanical garden.

Rozier, François (1734-1793).

Rudbeck, Alexander. Swedish. Son of Olof Rudbeck the Younger, officer.

Rudbeck, Christina Charlotta. Swedish. Daughter of Olof Rudbeck the Younger.

Rudbeck, Olof (1630-1702). Swedish. Physician, historian, naturalist. Founder of the botanical garden of Uppsala. Professor of medicine, Uppsala.

Rudbeck, Johan Olof (1711-1790). Swedish. Public official. Son of Olof Rudbeck the Younger. President of the Collegium of Mines.

Rudbeck, Olof, the Younger (1660-1740). Swedish. Professor of medicine, botanist, ornithologist, travelled in Lappland. Linnaeus's teacher.

Rudbeck, Olof Fredrik. Swedish. Son of Olof Rudbeck the Younger, head forestry officer.

Rudenschöld, Carl. Swedish. Count. Politician, diplomat and author. Councillor of the realm, chancellor of Uppsala University.

Rudolph, Johann Heinrich (1744-1809). German. Botanist from Jena, professor of botany at St Petersburg in 1783, disciple of Linnaeus.

Rülingius, Johann Philip (1741-?). German. Doctor of medicine, Nordheim.

Rumpf, Georg Eberhard (1628-1702). Dutch. Naturalist and merchant in the service of the Dutch East India Company. Governor of the Dutch colony Ambon. He published two works on the flora of the isle of Ambon.

Ruppe, Heinrich Bernhard (1688-1719). German. Student of medicine.

Russel, Alexander (?-1768). British. Scottish doctor of medicine.

Ruysch, Frederik (1638-1731). Dutch. Physician and naturalist. Professor of botany at Amsterdam in 1685, later in anatomy.

Rydelius, Anders (1671-1738). Swedish. Swedish consul at Smyrna. Met Fredrik Hasselquist there.

Sage, Balthazar George (1740-1824). French. Chemist and mineralogist. Director of the Ecole des mines.

Sagor, Michael (?-?). Austrian.

Sagramoso, marquis (?-1791). Italian. Nobleman, Verona.

Sahlberg, Johan (?-?). Swedish.

Salgues, Gautier de (?-?). French. Doctor of medicine at the University of Montpellier.

Saltzmann, Johann Gottfried (?-?). German. Physician, Strassburg. Studied at Leiden from 1737.

Salvius, Lars (1706-1773). Swedish. Printer, bookseller, publisher.

Samzelius, Gustaf (1710-1739). Swedish. Student of medicine. Gardener of the botanical garden of Uppsala university.

Sandin, Anna Margareta (1722-1787). Swedish. Wife of Johan Sandin then Pehr Kalm.

Sandin, Johan (?-1748). Swedish. Clergyman in New Jersey.

Sangiorgio, Giovanni Ambrosio (?-?). Italian. Pharmacist.

Sapte, abbé de (?-?). French.

Sauvages, François Boissier de La Croix de (1706-1767). French. Botanist and clergyman and physician, professor in medicine at Montpellier.

Sauvages, Pierre Augustin, abbé de (1710-1795). French. Brother of François Boissier de La Croix de Sauvages.

Scepin, Constantin (1727-?). Russian. Russian botanist and physician. Studied at Leiden.

Scheer, F. A. (?-?). German. Clergyman.

Scheffer, Carl Fredrik (1715-1786). Swedish. Count, diplomat, politician. Tutor to the Swedish crown prince Gustaf. Influenced by the physiocrats in France.

Scheffer, Ulrik (1716-1799). Swedish. Count, army officer, diplomat and politician.

Schefferus, Johannes (1621-1679). Swedish. Philologist and historian of German origin. Professor of eloquence and political science at Uppsala.

Scheidenburg, Daniel (1720-?). Swedish. Clergyman. Studied under Linnaeus. Chaplain at the Swedish legation in Madrid. Copied Löfling's manuscripts.

Schelhammer, Günther Christoph (1649-1716). German. Professor of botany at Helmstädt, later in anatomy, surgery and botany at Jena.

Scheuchzer, Johann (1684-1738). Swiss. Botanist, professor of physics at Zürich.

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob (1672-1733). Swiss. Naturalist, physician, historian, mathematician, founder of palaeontology. Johann Scheuchzer's brother.

Schiffermüller, Ignatius (?-?). Austrian. Architect.

Schlaegerus, Julius Car. (?-?). German. Librarian and antiquarian of the duke of Saxe-Gotha.

Schlosser, Johan Albert (?-1769). Dutch. Doctor of medicine, naturalist, collector of natural history objects. After Schlosser's death a number of the specimens in his collections were described by Pieter Boddaert.

Schmidel, Casimir Christopher (1718-1792). German. Professor of medicine, Erlangen.

Scholler, Friedrich Adam (1718-1795). German. Botanist. Teacher at the community of Moravian Brethren at Barby.

Schönberg, Anders (1689-1759). Swedish. Forestry officer. Father of Anders Schönberg the Younger. Owner of Hammarby, which was sold to Linnaeus in 1758.

Schönberg, Anders, the Younger (1737-1811). Swedish. Historian and politician. Official Swedish historiographer and heraldist.

Schonevelde, Stephan (?-). Dutch. Author of Ichtyologia Slesvici et Holsatiae (Hamburg 1624).

Schonhooven , Johannes van (?-?). Dutch. Bookseller. The name of the firm: Schoonhoven & Comp.

Schoon, Theodorus (?-?).

Schouten, Salomon (1689?-1750). Dutch. Bookseller and publisher, Amsterdam. Linnaeus's publisher.

Schreber, Daniel Gottfried (?-?). German. Professor of economy.

Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von (1737-1810). German. Physician and botanist. Became doctor of medicine at Uppsala under Linnaeus in 1760. Professor of botany and director of the botanical garden of Erlangen.

Schreuder, Johann (?-?). German.

Schubert, Florentina. Swedish. Married to Kilian Stobaeus.

Schulz, Ernst Christopher (?-1740). German. Doctor of philosophy, collector of natural history objects.

Schulz von Schulzenheim, David (1732-1823). Swedish. Physician. Studied at Uppsala, where he attended Linnaeus's lectures. Went to England. Together with Rosén von Rosenstein he introduced inoculation for smallpox in Sweden.

Schwan, Georg (1722-1756). Swedish. Military surgeon in Prussia.

Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio (1723-1788). Italian.

Scorturinsky (?-?). Polish. Polish nobleman.

Seba, Albert (1665-1736). Dutch. Pharmacist and collector of natural history specimens, Amsterdam.

Seeger, J. G. (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine.

Séguier, Jean François (1703-1784). French. Antiquarian and botanist, Nimes.

Sekreta Utskottet. Swedish. Committee of the Swedish parliament, where foreign policy was discussed.

Severino, Marco Aurelio (1580-1656). Italian. Naturalist, professor in anatomy and medicine in Naples.

Shaw, Thomas (1692-1751). British. Explorer, professor of Greek at Oxford. Collector of natural history objects. Travelled in the Middle East and in Africa.

Sibthorp, Humphrey (1713-1797). British. Professor of botany at Oxford.

Sidrén, Jonas (1723-1799). Swedish. Physician. Professor of medicine and anatomy at the Uppsala University.

Siegesbeck, Johann Georg (1686-1755). German. Prussian botanist, doctor of medicine at Wittenberg in 1716, physician and director of the botanical garden at St Petersburg 1735-1747. Linnaeus's adversary.

Skene, David (?-?). British. Physician, Aberdeen.

Skjöldebrand, Erik (1722-1814). Swedish. Swedish consul in Algier, head of the Swedish Board of Trade.

Sloane, Hans (1660-1753). British. Physician, naturalist and collector. Secretary of the Royal Society in 1693, president in 1727. Sloane's collections of natural history objects were donated to the English nation and were one of cornerstones of the British Museum (1759).

Societas Botanices Florentinae. Botanical Society of Florence.

Societas Commerciorum Lit. Norimbergicorum. German.

Sohlberg, Claes (1711-1773). Swedish. Physician, studied natural history and medicine at Uppsala 1723-1734, accompanied Linnaeus on his tour in Dalecarlia in 1734 and on his Dutch journey, doctor of medicine at Leiden in 1735.

Sohlberg, Eric (?-?). Swedish. Inspector of the copper mine of Falun. Father of C. Sohlberg.

Solander, Carl (1699-1760). Swedish. Dean of Piteå. Amateur scientist. Father of Daniel Solander. Members of Maupertuis' and Celsius' expedition visited his vicarage in 1737 and 1737.

Solander, Daniel (1733-1782). Swedish. Naturalist, explorer. Student in Uppsala under Linnaeus and Wallerius. Went to London in 1760. Curator of natural history collections at the British Museum. Botanist on Cook's first voyage 1768-1771. Joseph Bank's librarian.

Sommelsdyck, François van Aerssen (1660-1740). Dutch. Admiral who inherited from his father Cornelis one third of Surinam. Was one of the members of Geoctroyeerde Sociëteit van Suriname. Lord of Sommelsdijk and Châtillon.

Sotberg, Erik af (1724-1781). Swedish. Philologist.

Soubry (?-1773). French. Entomologist.

Sparre, Fredrik (1731-1803). Swedish. Count. Councillor of the realm.

Sparrman, Anders (1748-1820). Swedish. Professor of natural history and pharmacy. Studied under Linnaeus 1757-1765. Went to China as ship's surgeon. Stayed at Cape in 1772 and 1775-1776 and was accepted as physician and naturalist on Cook's second voyage 1772-1775. Curator at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Professor at Collegium medicum.

Spener, Jean Charles (?-?).

Spengler, Lorenz (1729-1808). Danish. Conchyliologist, Copenhagen.

Spöring, Herman Diedric (1701-1747). Swedish. Professor of medicine at Åbo in 1728.

Spreckelsen, Johann Heinrich von (?-1764). German. Collector of natural history specimens, Hamburg.

Springsfeld, Gottlieb Carl (?-?).

Staaf, Martin (1731-1788). Swedish. Director of economy, Gothenburg.

Stabel, J. B. (?-?). Danish.

Stachieff, A. (?-?).

Stähelin, Benedikt (1695-1750). Swiss. Botanist. Studied under Sébastien Vaillant and Albrecht von Haller, professor of physics in Basel.

Starke, Richard (?-?). U.S.A.

Stenbock, Arvid Nils (1738-1782). Swedish. Count, chamberlain, colonel.

Stillingfleet, Benjamin (1702-1771). British. Author. In Miscellaneous tracts on natural history he presented Linnaeus's method to the reading public.

Stobaeus, Kilian (1690-1742). Swedish. Physician and naturalist. Professor of philosophy, physics and natural history, from 1732 of history at the University of Lund. Linnaeus's teacher.

Strandberg, Zacharias (1712-1792 ). Swedish. Admirality physician.

Strandman, Petter (1743-1779). Swedish. Physician. Studied at Uppsala under Linnaeus. Demonstrator at the botanical garden of the Seraphimer Hospital in Stockholm. Physician at the copper mine of Falun.

Strange, John (1732-1799).

Stränigstie, Dorothea Lutherinna Helena. German.

Ström, Hans (1726-1797). Norwegian. Clergyman. Professor of theology.

Strussenfelt, Alexander Michael von (1716-1797). Swedish. Major general.

Stuart (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine, physician at Danzig.

Subeos, J. P. von (?-?).

Suhm, Peter Friederich (1728-1798). Danish. Historian and book-collector.

Svanberg, Seger (?-1740). Swedish. Surveyor of the mines of northern Sweden.

Svea Hovrätt. Swedish. Supreme court of Sweden.

Svenonia. Swedish. Married to Christian Svenonunios.

Svenonius, Christian. Swedish. University treasurer, Lund.

Swammerdam, Jan (1637-1680). Dutch. Naturalist. By his microscopical studies Swammerdam made fundamental scientific contributions to the study of entomology. H. Boerhaave edited his Biblia naturae sive historia insectorum (1737-1738).

Swieten, Gerhard van (1700-1772).

Tachsett, David Gottlieb (?-?). German. Secretary of the Society of Economy at Leipzig.

Targioni-Tozzetti, Giovanni (1712-1783). Italian. Physician and botanist, associate of Pietro Antonio Micheli, director of Florence medico-botanical garden 1737-1749.

Targioni-TozzettiO, Ottaviano (1755-1829). Italian. Son of the Italian botanist Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti.

Tärnström, Christopher (1711-1746). Swedish. Clergyman and botanist. At the recommendation of Linnaeus, Tärnström was accepted as chaplain by the Swedish East India Company. In 1746 he departed for China, which he never reached as he died on the island of Pulo Candor, Vietnam.

Taube, Johann (1727-1799). German. Court physician, Celle.

Teichmeyer, Hermann Friedrich (1685-1746). German. Physician, physicist and botanist, professor of experimental physics at Jena in 1717, later professor of botany, surgery and anatomy.

Templeman, Peter (?-?). British.

Tesdorpf, P. H. (?-?). German.

Tessin, Carl Gustaf (195-1770). Swedish. Count, important politician and patron of science and art. Tessin supported Swedish artists and scientists. He collected art, books and natural history objects. Tessin gave assistance to Linnaeus's career in many ways.

Theophrastus (374 B.C.-287 B.C.). Greek. philosopher and naturalist.

Thornton, John (?-?). British.

Thoüin, André (1747-1824). French. Botanist. Gardener at the Jardin du roi, Paris.

Thunberg, Carl Peter (1743-1728). Swedish. Botanist, physician, explorer. Professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. Studied medicine under Linnaeus in Uppsala, medicine and surgery in Paris, natural history under Burman in Amsterdam. Travelled in South Africa in 1772-1775, in Japan 1775-1776, Java and Ceylon in 1777-1778.

Tidström, Anders Philip (1723-1779). Swedish. Chemist and metallurgist. Studied under Linnaeus. University teacher in chemistry.

Tilas, Daniel (172-1772). Swedish. Nobleman. Mineralogist, official heraldist, genealogist.

Tislef, Hans (1732-1788). Danish. Botanist in Norway. Linnaeus's student in 1771.

Tjeenk, Juste (?-?). Dutch.

Tonning, Henrik (1732-1796). Danish. Physician and explorer, Trondheim. Linnaeus's student 1766-1768.

Torén, Olof (1718-1753). Swedish. Clergyman, naturalist. Linnaeus's pupil. Went to China in 1748-1749 and to India and China in 1750-1752.

Torre, Giovanni Maria della (1713-1782). Italian. Naturalist, Naples. Head of the Royal Library and Museum at Capo di Monte. Well known for the excavations at Herculaneum and Pompei.

Tournefort de, Joseph Pitton (1656-1708). French. Botanist and explorer, professor of botany at Paris.

Tramp, Johann Gottfried (?-?). German.

Treuer, de (?-?). Dutch.

Trew, Christopher Jacob (1695-1769). German. Botanist, physician and counsellor of the margrave of Ansbach.

Triewald, Mårten (1691-1747). Swedish. Merchant and technician, one of the founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Troilius, Magnus (1704-1762). Swedish. Clergyman. Chaplain of the Swedish legation in Constantinople, later chaplain to the king, dean of Husby.

Troil, Uno von (1746-1803). Swedish. Archbishop.

Tulbagh, C. Ryk (?-?). Dutch. Governor at the Cape. He sent plants, bulbs and seeds to Linnaeus in 1761.

Tunstall, Marmaduke (?-?). British. Ornithologist.

Turra, Antonio (1730-1796). Italian. Botanist, mineralogist and practicing physician at Vicenza.

Turre, Joannes (fl. 1673). Italian. Naturalist.

Tuvén, Erik (1721-?). Swedish. Botanist. Employed by Collegium medicum, demonstrator of the botanical garden of the Seraphimer Hospital in Stockholm.

Ulrika Eleonora (1688-1741). Swedish. Queen of Sweden 1719-1741, married to King Fredrik I. Sister of Karl XII.

Unaeus, Olof J. (1704-1770). Swedish. Dean of Fröso.

Uppsala Universitets konsistorium. Swedish. Uppsala University Consistory.

Upsala Cancellie. Swedish.

Ursin, Leonhard (1618-1664). German. Professor of botany (1652), later of physiology at Leipzig (1656).

Vahl, Martin Hendriksen (1749-1804). Danish. Professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen. Linnaeus's student 1769-1774.

Vaillant, Sébastien (1669-1722). French. Botanist and surgeon. Professor at the Jardin du Roi. His theory on plant sexuality influenced Linnaeus who regarded Vaillant as one of the most important botanists.

Valltravers, Johann Rodolph de (1723-?). Swiss. Linnaeus's student in 1760-1761. Preceptor of the three brothers Demidoff. Thomas Pennant's intermediary with Charles De Geer.

Valmont de Bomare, Jacques-Christophe (1731-1807). French.

Vandelli, Domenico (?-?). Portugese. Professor in Lisbon.

Vandenhoeck, Abram (?-?). Albrecht von Haller's printer at Göttingen.

Vater, Abraham (1684-1751). German. Professor of anatomy, botany, pathology at Wittenberg.

Vaugelas (?-?). French. Major, Sète.

Velez, Christobal (?-1753). Spainish. Pharmacist, Madrid.

Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de (1717-1787). French. Diplomat, minister of foreign affairs. French ambassador in Sweden in 1771.

Vicq d'Azyr, Félix (1748-1794).

Vigna, Dominicus (?-?).

Vinge, Erik (?-1729). Swedish. Gardener of the botanical garden of Uppsala University.

Violante, Philippe de (?-?).

Vogel, Rudolph Augustin (1724-1775). German. Physician, and botanist. Professor of medicine at Göttingen.

Vogel, Zacharias (?-?). German. Doctor of medicine and surgery.

Vosmaer, A. (?-?). Dutch. Director of the cabinet of natural history of the prince of Orange at the Hague.

Voullaire, J. (?-?). French.

Wachendorff, Evert Jacob van (1702-1758). Dutch. Physician and botanist. Studied in Leiden and Utrecht.Professor of medicine, chemistry and botany at the University of Utrecht.

Waesberge (?-?). Dutch.

Wagner, Johann Gerhard (?-1759). German. Physician at Lübeck.

Wagner, Peter Christian (1703-1764). German. Physician in Bayreuth.

Wagner, Petr. Christ. (?-?). German. Physician.

Wahlbom, Johan Gustaf (1724-1808). Swedish. Physician and naturalist. Studied at Uppsala under Linnaeus, anatomy, surgery and obstretics at Wittenberg. Provincial physician at Kalmar.

Walker, John (?-?). British. Scottish clergyman, Edinburgh.

Wallerius, Johan Gottschalk (1709-1785). Swedish. Professor of chemistry at Uppsala.

Wallin the Younger, Georg (1686-1760). Swedish. Bishop and antiquarian. Went on a tour to German, Holland and England in 1708-1710 and another to France in 1720-1723. University librarian at Uppsala, later bishop of Gotheburg.

Walther, Augustin Friederich (1688-1746). German. Physican and botanist, professor of anatomy and surgery at Leipzig.

Wandelaar, Jan (1690-1759). Dutch. Illustrator. Wandelaar studied anatomy in Leiden before he was engaged by S. Vaillants and F. Ruyschs before he was employed by G. Clifford to make the engravings for Hortus cliffortianus.

Wännman, C. H. (1733-1797). Swedish. Doctor of medicine. Ship's surgeon, Swedish East India Company. Provincial physician in Åbo.

Wargentin, Pehr Wilhelm (1717-1783). Swedish. Astronomer and statistician. Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 1749.

Warner, Richard (1711? (1713?) -1775). British. Classicist and botanist.

Watson, William , Sir (1715-1787). British. Physician, physicist and botanist. Studied at Halle and Wittenberg. Physician to the Foundling Hospital in London.

Weigel, Chistian Ehrenfried (1748-1831). German. Doctor of medicine. Director of the botanical garden of Greifswald. Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Weinmann, Johann Wilhelm (1683-1741). German. Pharmacist and botanist.

Weissmann, Johann Friderich (1678-1760). German. Professor of medicine, Halle.

Welsch, Christian Ludwig (1669-1719). German. Professor of medicine, Leipzig.

Wepfer, Johann Jakob (1620-1695). Swiss. Anatomist.

Wetterberg, Pehr (1724-1803). Swedish. Clergyman. Dean of Värö congregation (Gothenburg).

White, John (?-?). British. Vicar of Blackburn.

Wiedeman, Georg (1736-1762). Danish. Naturalist.

Wilcke, Samuel Gustaf (1732-1796). Swedish. Physicist. Professor of experimental physics at the Royal Academy of Sciences, of which he also was the secretary from 1784.

Wilhelmij, Didr. (?-?). Swedish.

Willoughby, Francis (1635-1672). British. Zoologist. His works on ornithology and ichtyology were important sources of information before Linnaeus.

Wilse, Jacob Nicolai (1736-1801). Danish. Clergyman in Norway. Professor.

Wipacher, David (1723-?). German. Botanist.

Wishoff, Conrad (?-?). Dutch. Publisher in Leiden 1710-1750. Wishoff published Classes plantarum and Genera plantarum by Linnaeus as well as Pehr Artedi, Ichtyologia.

Wishoff, Georg Jacob (?-?). Dutch. Printer and publisher, son of Conrad Wishoff.

Witt, Cornelis de. Dutch. Bookseller, Amsterdam.

Woide, Car. Godofr. (?-?). British.

Wolf, Hans Caspar (1532-1601).

Wrangel, Axel Herman (1722-1753). Swedish. Nobleman. Student at Uppsala. Died in Italy.

Wrangel, Carl Magnus (1727-1786). Swedish. Nobleman and clergyman. Studied at Greifswald. Chaplain to the king, dean of Wicacoa and the Swedish lutheran congregations in America. Dean of Sala.

Wrede, Elsa Beata (1734-1819). Swedish. Countess married to Sven Bunge, councillor of the realm.

Wrede, Fabian (1694-1768). Swedish. Nobleman. Military and poltician.

Wright, Edward (?-?). British. Physicist. Squire of Kersy.

Wulfen, Franz Xaverius (1728-1805). Professor of mathematics, Klagenfurt. Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Wyss, Marianne (1711-1736). Swiss. Wife of Albrecht von Haller.

Wyss, Samuel (1677-1755). Swiss. Herr zu Mathod und La Motte, Albrecht von Haller's father-in-law, the father of Marianne Wyss.

Zannichelli, Giovanni Giacobbe (?-?). Italian.

Zieten (?-?). Captain of cavalry.

Zinn, Johann Gottfried (1727-1759). German. Physician and botanist, director of the botanical garden of Göttingen (1753).

Zoëga, Johan (1742-1788). Danish. Botanist and economist Linnaeus's student in 1762-1764.